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Cameras have always been a part of our lives.
I think there's a difference to watching a home movie
when you know who it is on the other side of the lens,
holding the camera.
It adds to the sense of intimacy.
Like many families,
my parents wanted to keep a record of our precious moments together.
And when it was our turn, with our own family,
we did the same.
I always enjoyed capturing family moments.
Private photos can often show the fun behind the formality.
I expect just about every family
has a collection of photographs or films
that were once regularly looked at to recall precious moments,
but which over time are replaced by newer images
and more recent memories.
You always hope that future generations
will find them interesting,
and perhaps be surprised that you, too, were young once.
To look back is not necessarily to be nostalgic.
Winston Churchill, my first Prime Minister,
said that, "The further backward you look,
"the further forward you can see."
I remember my own childhood.
My mother always gave me support and encouragement.
She had an infectious zest for living...
..and an extraordinary capacity
to bring happiness into other people's lives.
My father served in the Royal Navy during the First World War.
He was a midshipman in HMS Collingwood
at the Battle of Jutland in 1916.
The British fleet lost 14 ships and 6,000 men in that engagement.
He wrote in a letter,
"How and why we were not hit beats me."
BELL TOLLS
Like others, he lost friends in the War,
but, of course, we would not grieve if we did not love.
In my experience,
the positive value of a happy family
is one of the factors of human existence that has not changed.
Faith, family and friendship
have been not only a constant for me,
but a source of personal comfort and reassurance.
My grandfather couldn't have known
what was in store for his grandchildren.
Yet his faith in the future gave him a quiet confidence
that the stern tests would be overcome.
GEORGE V: I look forward to the future with faith and hope.
It is to the young that the future belongs,
and when the time comes,
be ready and proud to give to your country
the service of your work, your mind and your heart.
NEWSREEL: Within eight months of
the Silver Jubilee, King George lay dead.
King George V, greatly loved and gratefully remembered.
I have lived long enough
to know that things never remain quite the same for very long.
No-one can make history stand still.
Events and situations change with startling speed.
EDWARD VIII: I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden
of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King
without the help and support of the woman I love.
This decision has been made less difficult to me
by the sure knowledge that my brother,
with his fine qualities,
will be able to take my place forthwith.
And he has one matchless blessing,
enjoyed by so many of you
and not bestowed on me -
a happy home,
with his wife and children.
God bless you all. God save the King.
CHEERING
I remember my father making me write down
what I remembered about his Coronation.
It was very valuable.
ACTOR READS: We crouched in the window,
looking onto a cold, misty morning.
We did not eat very much as we were too excited.
NEWSREEL: Happy, excited crowds, raining though it may be.
The police are having trouble to keep the route clear.
Millions cheering themselves hoarse this glorious Coronation day.
I cannot find words with which to thank you
for your love and loyalty to the Queen and myself.
If, in the coming years,
I can show my gratitude in service to you,
that is the way, above all others, that I should choose.
NEWSREEL: Those eight magnificent greys
drawing on that almost unbelievable state coach,
with Their Majesties the King and Queen.
YOUNG ELIZABETH: There are long periods
when life seems a small, dull round...
..and then, suddenly, we are caught up in some great event
which gives us a glimpse of the solid and durable foundations
of our existence.
NEWSREEL: The members of the royal family take their places.
The Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret Rose.
Princess Elizabeth, who is now heir to the throne.
I thought it all very, very wonderful
and, I expect, the Abbey did too, as Papa was crowned.
ALL: God save the King.
God save the King. God save the King.
At the end, the service got rather boring, as it was all prayers.
Grannie and I were looking to see how many more pages to the end.
At the bottom of the page, it said "Finis".
We both smiled at each other and turned back to the service.
GEORGE VI: The Queen and I will always keep in our hearts
the inspiration of this day.
I thank you from my heart,
and may God bless you all.
Balmoral is a place one looks forward to very much.
I think that it has an atmosphere of its own.
Families so often treasure their routines
and embrace the roles, traditions and values
that mean so much to us.
I see it in my own family,
and it is a source of great happiness.
GEORGE VI: Europe is now profoundly troubled.
I would end with a special word of greeting
to those of my listeners who are young...
..that the skies are overcast in more than one quarter
at the present time. Do not lose heart.
Life is a great adventure.
The key to all true progress lies in faith, hope and love.
NEWSREEL: There are two aspects of novelty
about the King's camp this year.
First, it was held in Scotland,
where the King himself is on holiday,
and second, His Majesty visited the camp
accompanied by the Queen and the Princesses.
In this camp, composed of an equal number
of working lads and public schoolboys,
the same spirit of comradeship prevailed,
and His Majesty sampled all the amusements.
Of course, the amateur cameras were very busy.
ALL SING
People matter.
And it is our relationship with one another
that is most important.
What people are, and what people do,
does make all the difference.
The joint efforts of individuals can defeat the evils of our time.
NEWSREEL: The King returns to London.
Hitler and Stalin sign their pact.
On the fateful first Sunday in September, Parliament meets
and the world knows that Britain is at war.
At home, we settle down to a new life.
All parents would like their children
to grow up in peace and tranquillity.
But for most of this century,
the people of this world
have had to live through bewildering changes and upheavals.
Darling Grannie,
we have been very busy knitting lately.
We made a blanket for the evacuees,
also some jumpers and stockings.
I do hope we will not get any air raids.
Hitler is a horrid man.
Let us hope that this war will not last long.
Some cultures believe a long life brings wisdom.
I'd like to think so.
Perhaps part of that wisdom
is to recognise some of life's baffling paradoxes.
Such as the way human beings have a huge propensity for good
and yet a capacity for evil.
NEWSREEL: Germany's wild attack becomes more savage every hour.
AIR-RAID SIREN
Down swoop their bombers on undefended towns,
down upon women and children.
The outlook seemed bleak.
GEORGE VI: The decisive struggle is now upon us.
The issue is now plain.
It is life or death for us all.
For the very first broadcast I made,
helped by my sister,
we spoke to children who had been evacuated from their homes
and sent away for their own safety.
YOUNG ELIZABETH: My sister, Margaret Rose, and I feel so much for you,
as we know from experience what it means
to be away from those we love most of all.
My sister is by my side
and we are both going to say goodnight to you.
Come on, Margaret.
Goodnight, children.
Goodnight and good luck to you all.
Darling Grannie,
I am so glad you liked the broadcast.
Everyone has been saying how like my voice is to Mummy's.
We have all-night air-raid warnings every night
and the guns go occasionally, and they make a very big noise.
The War affected everyone...
..and no-one was immune from its impact.
NEWSREEL: From the humblest dwellings of the poorest people
to Buckingham Palace,
this was the effect of a time bomb that exploded
in the grounds of the King's London home.
It fell close to the King's sitting room.
Truly, this is a war of all the people.
Darling Grannie,
poor old Buckingham Palace looks very sad, with no windows
and bits here and there gone completely.
ARCHIVE: When firebombs fell on and around the Palace,
the home of our beloved sovereign and his consort is again damaged.
Buckingham Palace for the third time is hit by Nazi bombs.
We thank God that Their Majesties were unhurt.
The news of the war has been very bad lately.
But we will never give in.
Your very loving granddaughter, Lilibet.
It is not enough simply to do our jobs.
Service demands sacrifice.
ARCHIVE: We mourn the passing of the King's younger brother,
who lost his life on active service.
The Duke, who was an airman in his own right,
had undertaken duties concerning the welfare of RAF personnel
and was on his way to Iceland when the crash occurred.
Many people have had to cope with family loss...
..sometimes in the most tragic of circumstances.
Darling Grannie,
it was so very sad about poor Uncle George.
His death was such an awful shock
and we will all miss him a great deal.
He was always so very kind to us.
We sometimes think the world's problems are so big
that we can do little to help.
On our own, we cannot end wars or wipe out injustice.
But the cumulative impact of thousands of small acts of goodness
can be bigger than we imagine.
ARCHIVE: The King and Queen were setting an example
of untiring devotion. The King, heartened by periodic visits
to all those fighting services of the Empire,
of which he is Commander-in-chief.
By his visits to his forces, my father brought encouragement
to those who had long been parted from their homes and families.
He was the living symbol of our steadfastness.
He never wavered in his faith that, with God's help,
the cause of freedom would prevail.
In a broadcast to the nation, my father said,
"What is demanded from us all
"is something more than courage and endurance."
GEORGE VI: We need a revival of spirit,
a new, unconquerable resolve.
I remember waiting for the Prime Minister's announcement
of the end of the war in Europe.
CHURCHILL: Hostilities will end officially
at one minute after midnight tonight, Tuesday the 8th of May.
We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing.
We kept faith that the cause was right,
and this belief carried us through.
Never give up, never despair - that was the message of VE Day.
I vividly remember the jubilant scenes
my sister and I witnessed with our parents and Winston Churchill
from the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
The sense of joy in the crowds who'd gathered outside
and across the country was profound.
My sister and I realised we couldn't see what the crowds were enjoying,
so we asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves.
I remember we were terrified of being recognised.
I pulled my uniform cap well down over my eyes.
We walked miles through the streets. I remember lines of unknown people,
linking arms and walking down Whitehall,
all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief.
I think it was one of the most memorable nights of my life.
My father expressed undiminished hope and trust in the future.
GEORGE VI: Have faith in life at its best
and bring to it your courage,
your hopes and your sense of humour.
Let us have no fear of the future
but think of it as opportunity and adventure.
ARCHIVE: No official announcement
of the Princess' engagement had yet been made.
The name of Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten,
formerly Prince Philip of Greece, has been repeatedly mentioned
throughout the world.
To inquiries about her engagement, the Princess said,
"You must wait and see."
Thousands of cheering people wish Godspeed to
the royal family as they arrive for the beginning of their
South African journey and, for the Princess,
the beginning of the biggest adventure of her life,
for she has never been abroad before.
For anyone else, this would be a holiday, but she is the future Queen
on the eve of her 21st birthday,
and she has exacting duties ahead of her.
I and all my family have always felt
that one of our most important duties is
to express in our visits overseas
the goodwill of our country towards friends abroad, near and far.
My sister and I were very glad to have been able
to accompany our parents.
Before our eyes, history is being made.
His Majesty King George VI is the first reigning monarch of England
ever to set foot on South African soil.
CHEERING
My first and highly memorable experience of South Africa
was in 1947.
You can imagine how vivid the contrasts between that visit
and my next were, nearly half a century later.
ARCHIVE: After the Royal Family's reception in Cape Town,
they embarked on an extensive tour inland.
We share the same world...
..but we do not share the same opportunities.
A tolerant society actively develops the people who belong to it
and enriches their lives because it values their diversity.
The most important contact between nations is usually
contact between its peoples.
The Princess's attendance was a prelude to
a big moment in her life, her dedication to
the service of the British Commonwealth,
made on her birthday in Cape Town
and broadcast to a worldwide audience.
Darling Grannie, I'm now preparing
for my Empire broadcast on my birthday, which is
rather a terrifying prospect.
ARCHIVE: The royal family went to the lovely Natal National Park
for a few days' well-earned rest away from the cheering crowds,
with not a single camera to disturb them.
Africa has a unique place in my affections.
I remember my own lifelong commitment,
made in 1947, at the age of 21.
YOUNG ELIZABETH: I declare before you all that my whole life,
whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service
and to the service of our great Imperial family,
to which we all belong.
I know that your support will be unfailingly given.
God help me to make good my vow,
and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it.
Although that vow was made in my salad days,
when I was green in judgment...
..I do not regret nor retract one word of it.
CHEERING
CHURCH BELLS RING OUT
ARCHIVE: The day is November 20th, 1947.
The time, 11 o'clock. A nation and a world watch.
If I'm asked today what I think about family life
after years of marriage, I can answer
with simplicity and conviction.
I'm for it.
ARCHIVE: Once only in 1,100 years of British kingship
has there been such a day - an heiress presumptive to
the throne marries the man of her choice.
This relationship between two people, however deep at the time,
needs to develop and mature with the passing years.
CHURCH BELLS RING OUT
For that, it must be held firm...
..in the web of family relationships.
He has quite simply been my strength and stay all these years.
CROWD CHANTING OUTSIDE
CHEERING
Joy and sadness are part of all our lives.
Indeed, the poet William Blake tells us,
"Joy and woe are woven fine
"A clothing for the soul divine
"Under every grief and pine
"Runs a joy with silken twine."
His sense of service
intellectual curiosity
and capacity to squeeze fun out of any situation
were all irrepressible.
That mischievous, inquiring twinkle was as bright at the end
as when I first set eyes on him.
ARCHIVE: An excited crowd outside the Palace.
Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth
was safely delivered of a prince at 9:14pm.
The boy born to be King.
The Prince has arrived.
For parents, a birth is time for reflection
on what the future holds for the baby...
..and how they can best ensure its safety and happiness.
ARCHIVE: Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip
spend a happy afternoon with the world's most famous baby.
These are the first newsreel pictures taken since his christening
of Prince Charles, now eight months old,
as he will undoubtedly become
the most photographed child in the world.
The birth of a baby brings great happiness.
But then the business of growing up begins.
It is a process that starts within the protection
and care of parents and other members of the family,
including the older generation.
As with any team, there is strength in combination.
What grandparent does not wish for
the best possible upbringing for their grandchildren?
ARCHIVE: The whole nation rejoices at the good news
for which it has been waiting. To the Princess, a daughter is born.
Often, a child's helplessness
and vulnerability brings out the best in us.
Each one of us has a primary and personal responsibility
for our own children, the children entrusted to our care
and for all the children in our own communities.
My father watched his grandchildren take their first steps.
And he knew that all the sacrifices
and anxiety of the dark days of the war had been worthwhile.
ARCHIVE: The King became unwell on May the 24th.
A further announcement on June 4th said that the King,
on the advice of his doctors, had reluctantly decided
to cancel all his public engagements for at least four weeks.
The King's doctors had advised a prolonged convalescence.
Good health is a precious gift.
There is a traditional proverb which says,
"He who has health has hope,
"and he who has hope has everything."
It is in times of stress and difficulty
that we most need to remember
that in the end, we all depend upon each other,
and that we are therefore responsible for each other.
FANFARE AND CHEERING
NEWSREEL: Many Londoners gathered at the approach to Buckingham Palace
to see Their Majesties leave for their summer holiday.
After staying at Royal Lodge, Windsor, and Sandringham,
the King went to Balmoral Castle on August the 2nd.
The crowd, like the rest of his subjects,
hoped that the King would continue
to make good progress towards complete recovery.
In times of doubt and anxiety,
the attitudes people show in their daily lives
are of supreme importance.
The comradeship of adversity brings out the best in us.
NEWSREEL: His Majesty returned to London,
his holiday at Balmoral cut short on the advice of his doctors.
The King suddenly returned to Buckingham Palace for
an immediate lung operation.
NEWSREEL: A royal Princess flew across the sea to Canada.
14 million loyal subjects waited
to greet the daughter of their beloved monarch,
His Majesty King George VI.
Service and duty are not just
the guiding principles of yesteryear.
They have an enduring value which spans the generations.
As Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh set foot in Canada,
the eyes and ears of press, film and radio
record the welcome for people far away.
We made personal contact on behalf of the King
with Canadians of all walks of life,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
In the thousands of miles we travelled,
we saw many aspects of Canada and Canadian life.
PHILIP: No two marriages are quite alike.
However, I think that the main lesson that we've learnt
is that tolerance is the one essential ingredient
of any happy marriage.
By trial and experience,
I believe we have achieved a sensible division of labour
and a good balance between our individual and joint interests.
Prince Philip is, I believe,
well-known for declining compliments of any kind.
But throughout, he has been a constant strength and guide.
Wherever we went, I was deeply touched to find
an affectionate concern for the health of my father.
Speaking on behalf of the Canadian people,
we appreciate your coming to Canada,
after the anxious days through which you have just passed.
Darling Papa,
I do hope you are feeling really better again.
On the telephone, Mummy has told me
that you are now up in the audience room during the day.
There have been so many messages to you
from every part of this country...
..and from so many people that
I couldn't possibly tell you all of them.
ARCHIVE: Warm hearts defy the cold winds and icy spray of the sea.
Goodbye for all of us.
Goodbye to a sailor and his wife,
homeward bound across the sea.
The experience of growing older,
the joys and emotions which it brings, are familiar to us all.
We are all visitors to this time, this place.
We are just passing through.
Our purpose here is to observe,
to learn, to grow, to love.
And then we return home.
ARCHIVE: And now we end 1951 as the new year dawns
and each lengthening day brings His Majesty greater strength.
Led us end with the old, old toast - long live the King.
CHEERING
ARCHIVE: Less than three months after returning from
their Canadian tour, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh
were off on another Commonwealth journey.
The crowds cheers heralded the arrival of the King's car,
bringing Their Majesties and Princess Margaret to the airport
for a last farewell to the Royal travellers.
CHEERING
It was His Majesty's first major public appearance
since last September.
The journey, which, but for his illness, the King himself would have
undertaken, was almost under way.
When people face a challenge,
they sometimes talk about taking a deep breath
to find courage or strength.
In fact, the word "inspire" literally means to breathe in.
For all of us, each year is an adventure into the unknown.
We shall need the faith and determination of our forebears
to guide us on our journeys.
NEWSREEL: After fulfilling several official engagements in Nairobi,
they left the capital for Sagana Lodge.
From her car, the Princess took many feet of film with her cine camera.
The Earth is a gift to us all,
whoever we are, wherever we live.
In the words of our Poet Laureate,
"Though you have conquered Earth and charted sea
"And planned the courses of all stars that be
"Adventure on, more wonders are in thee."
We must adventure on if we are to make the world a better place.
ARCHIVE: Seldom had a Royal tour begun more happily.
For two days, the Royal couple relaxed
in the grounds of their house.
Life, of course, consists of final partings as well as first meetings.
ARCHIVE: This is London.
It is with the greatest sorrow that we make the following announcement -
at 10:45 today, February the 6th 1952,
that the King, who retired to rest last night in his usual health,
passed peacefully away in his sleep.
She was on the veranda at Treetops,
where she and the Duke had spent the previous 19 hours
watching wild game.
About as far removed from normal civilisation as possible.
How tragic to think that at such a moment, she should become Queen.
There is no magic formula that will transform sorrow into happiness.
I rely on my own faith
to guide me through the good times and the bad.
It was a tragic homecoming.
On the same spot where, a week ago, there had been a happy departure,
there stepped down from the plane a figure in mourning.
Elizabeth II, Queen of this realm
and of all her other realms and territories,
Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
When all your world is torn with grief and strife,
think yet.
When there seems nothing left to mend the frail
and timeworn fabric of your life,
the golden thread of courage has no end.
In a way, I didn't have an apprenticeship.
My father died much too young.
It was all a very sudden kind of...
..taking on and making the best job you can.
ARCHIVE: 15 years ago, a little girl who called herself Lilibet
wrote her own account of Coronation morning.
Today, the writer of these lines
is about to come forth from Buckingham Palace,
a young mother and a reigning Queen.
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
Each day is a new beginning.
I know that the only way to live my life
is to try to do what is right,
to take the long view,
to give of my best in all that the day brings,
and to put my trust in God.
Whether we believe in God or not,
I think most of us have a sense of the spiritual...
..that recognition of a deeper meaning and purpose in our lives.
And I believe that this sense flourishes
despite the pressures of our world.
ARCHIVE: The words echo out of the history of the land.
We have resolved by the favour and blessing of Almighty God
to celebrate the solemnity of our Royal Coronation
upon Tuesday, the second day of June in the Year of Grace 1953.
The Coronation of Her Royal Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
It's a question of maturing into something
that one's got used to doing,
and accepting the fact that here you are and it's your fate.
Because I think continuity's very important.
It is a job for life.
The years have slipped by so quickly.
There is no point in regretting the passage of time.
Growing older is one of the facts of life.
And it has its own compensations.
One of the joys of living a long life is watching one's children.
Then grandchildren.
We can't be certain what lies ahead for them.
But we should know enough to put them on the right path.
We can do this if we have the good sense to learn
from the experience of those who've gone before us.
ARCHIVE: Queen Elizabeth going forth to her crowning.
I don't know that anyone had invented the term platinum for
a 70th anniversary when I was born.
You weren't expected to be around that long.
CHEERING
I mean, I've seen one coronation
and been the recipient in the other, which is pretty remarkable.
CHOIR: # Vivat Regina
# Vivat Regina Elizabetha
# Vivat! Vivat! Vivat! #
It's a pageant of chivalry
and an old-fashioned way of doing things, I think, really,
but it's quite interesting to have it done again.
God crown you with a crown of glory and righteousness,
that having a right faith
and manifold fruit of good works,
you may obtain the crown of an everlasting kingdom
by the gift of him whose kingdom endureth for ever.
Amen. Amen.
ALL: God save the Queen. God save the Queen.
FANFARE PLAYS
I here present unto you
Queen Elizabeth, your undoubted queen.
It's inevitable that I should seem a rather remote figure
to many of you.
A successor to the kings and queens of history,
someone whose face may be familiar in newspapers and films,
but who never really touches your personal lives.
In the old days,
the monarch led his soldiers on the battlefield
and his leadership at all times was close and personal.
I cannot lead you into battle.
I do not give you laws,
or administer justice.
But I can do something else.
I can give you my heart
and my devotion to these old islands,
and to all the peoples of our brotherhood of nations.
I hope my Platinum Jubilee will be an opportunity
for people everywhere to enjoy a sense of togetherness,
a chance to give thanks for
the enormous changes of the last 70 years,
and also to look ahead with confidence.
Over the years, I have tried to follow my father's example
and to serve you as best I can.