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The ocean is Earth's life support system.
No Ocean, No Us.
My name is Sylvia Earle.
For most of my life, I've had the joy of exploring the sea,
studying the living systems that make our lives possible.
But what I've seen in mylifetime is slipping away.
It's now a race against time to find solutions.
Today, a new generation ofheroes are showing us what needs to be done
to restore health to the ocean,
creating a perpetual planet
for generations to come.
Fantastic.
This is where I first fell inlove with the ocean as a kid.
It was here that I first breathed air underwater.
And for me, it was transformative.
I thought, “This is going to be so great,
I can get to see the fish and watch them and see what they do.”
And what happened was the fish came over and started looking at me.
I thought, “Wait a minute,
it's supposed to be the other way round, right?”
Since I first breathed air under water,
I've been a part of the greatestera of exploration
in the history of humankind.
I've lived underwater for weeks at a time.
She has witnessed first-hand
parts of our planet most could barely imagine.
I've helped design and build submersibles
to explore further and deeper than ever before.
For the first time,
a woman walks the seafloor beyond 1,000 feet.
It's a pleasure to introduce a scientist, an engineer,
a teacher, and an explorer.
And founded organisations to explore and protect the sea.
Her Deepness, Dr Sylvia Earle.
But this era of discovery has been accompanied by immense loss.
If we continue business as usual, we're in real trouble.
We used to think the ocean was too vast for humans to harm.
We were wrong.
We've squandered the treasures of nature,
pushing the ocean to the brink of collapse.
But I still have great hope.
Across the globe, a network ofscientists are building on my life's mission -
to save the ocean.
For me, Sylvia Earle is an inspiration.
We all are following in her footsteps.
She's allowed for so many morepeople from my generation to move forward
and advance their work.
Their pioneering work has taken our knowledge
to new heights - and depths - of understanding.
Now we know what previousgenerations could not know.
We're entering another mass extinction,
we're losing species at an alarming rate.
We are the scientists who know what's going on
and it's our responsibility to make people aware
for the sake of the planet and our own future.
Together, they are creating a global movement
and we all can be a part of it.
Protecting the ocean as if our lives depend on it.
Because they do.
When I first began exploring,
I marvelled at the abundance oflife that thrives in healthy coral reefs.
But today, coral reef systems around the world are disappearing.
This is about as bad as it gets.
It was like looking at the fae of climate change. There it is.
Reefs are dying, and this is evidence of it right here.
If we don't act now,
coral reefs may be gone by the end of the century.
Seen from space,
the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on Earth.
The corals here are among the most diverse in the world.
But in recent years,
the impacts of climate change have wiped out up to 30%.
Coral Biologist Dr Emma Campwitnessed these tragic events first-hand.
I feel that I have aresponsibility to speak up for coral reefs
that's been my area of passion and research
and do what I can to protect and guard that ecosystem.
Climate change and other human activities
are destroying coral reefs globally.
Warmer, more acidic, low oxygenseawater is threatening their very existence.
Whilst we are rapidly changing the environment,
we're, with that, learning howcorals can or cannot survive with that change.
To help save what's left,
Emma and her team have set up the first multispecies coral nursery here
to restore coral abundance and diversity.
Coral fragments are carefullytransplanted onto metal frames.
This has been really successful.
We've had, I think now, over 14,000 corals out planted in just under a year.
This method of transplantingcoral cuttings has already been adopted
on other reefs around the world.
The only long-term solution to save corals is mitigating climate change.
Until then, these coral nurseries help buy reefs time.
A few years ago, Emma and herteam made another extraordinary breakthrough
in the fight to save coral reefs.
They found corals thriving in extreme conditions.
One area where we found corals surviving, where we wouldn't normally look,
was in mangrove lagoons.
It's unusual because theconditions are warmer, more acidic
and have lower oxygen.
That's what we're predicting tointensify under climate change.
Finding these corals that have some enhanced resilience
gives me some much-needed hope
that we can have at least somecorals into the future.
These ground-breakingdiscoveries are already being shared
with scientists around the world.
Working together to future-proof this precious ecosystem
for generations to come.
I want to be able to say to mychildren and the future generations
that I did everything that Icould to try to conserve these systems
and to try and motivate and educate, and encourage those around us,
to also conserve these ecosystems, so that they aren't lost,
so it wasn't a privilege that just us were able to experience.
Today, the impact of climatechange is being felt everywhere on earth.
Nowhere is this more apparent than in the frozen parts of the planet.
Here in Antarctica,
melting ice is opening up this once pristine environment,
exposing marine life to unexpected forms of pollution
we're just beginning to understand.
It's beautiful, isn't it, just to listen to nature.
The more diverse the soundscape is, the more it tells us about its health.
Bio-acoustician Prof MichelAndre has developed pioneering technology,
unlocking the sound of the ocean.
Revealing a vast soundscape oflife undetectable to human ears.
Light doesn't penetrate more than a few metres below the surface,
so the only way the inhabitants of the sea have to communicate,
to orientate, to get information, is through sounds.
Whales produce these rumble sounds, similar to what you hear with an elephant.
This very low frequency rumble. Something like... "Brr."
And it allows these whales to communicate at very long distances,
sometimes hundreds of kilometres.
But as Michel learned to listen to these voices,
he also discovered they are drowned out by human noise.
Contaminating this channel of communication
with noise from human activity, in particular shipping.
If we prevent them from exchange information,
we condemn them to death.
In the last 50 years,
noise in most of the ocean has doubled every decade.
Shipping, industrial fishing and surveying for fossil fuel
has dramatically intensified.
And it's not just killing the mammals.
10 years ago, we made a shocking discovery.
It wasn't just large marine mammals, like whales and dolphins,
that were impacted by noise pollution.
Thousands of invertebratespecies may suffer and die from it.
We were totally surprised, we could not believe it.
You feel responsible not only to demonstrate that there is an effect
but to propose to society a solution for that.
To tackle the impact of noise pollution,
Michel has developed technology
that listens live to the sounds of the sea.
This is the first time, this is a new device,
it is a prototype that wespecially designed for this expedition
and this little baby is going torecord the sound of the Antarctic.
This autonomous buoy transmits data in real time,
from one of the last places onEarth with zero noise pollution.
It comes with this bittersweet feeling
that we might not be able to do it again in the future.
This technology will become apart of a global network
of listening stations around the world.
Known as LIDO - or Listen to the Deep Ocean -
it offers the first truly globalpicture of ocean noise and its effects.
The beauty of this technology is that it is listening to the ocean
24 hours a day, every day, every month, every year.
The ability to listen isrevealing exactly where we must reduce noise -
protecting vital habitats.
I hope that this listeningstation that we are developing
and deploying around the world
will help many people to hear the message.
My feeling is not fear. My feeling is, on the contrary,
I believe that what we are doing is bringing a solution,
is bringing something that the next generation will know how to use.
This technology that was born in the ocean
is now monitoring biodiversity on the land,
revealing the impact of humanactivity on wildlife around the world.
Undersea noise pollution is like a death of a thousand cuts.
But it's just one of manyproblems facing the ocean.
In my lifetime, industrial fishing has eliminated 90%
of many different species of wild ocean animals.
Some of earth's most majesticcreatures are being pushed to extinction.
But with the right protection, species can recover,
from the smallest squid and shrimp,
to the biggest fish in the sea.
The first time I saw a whale shark,
it was like a bus underwater coming towards me and I was in awe.
You almost feel insignificant because of their sheer size.
And yet, these animals that aremassive and they've been around forever,
are endangered.
Marine Biologist Dr Brad Norman and his colleagues
have helped develop technology to monitor this highly elusive giant of the deep.
Their numbers have declined by more than 50% over the last 75 years.
Driven to the brink ofextinction by humans
due to hunting and ship collisions.
If we do nothing now,
there is a big risk we're going to lose this species forever.
This is not something that I want to happen on my watch.
Magellen, this is Shark Bay Watch, over.
Yes, this is Magellen. Go ahead, over.
We've got a sighting of a whaleshark off the north west corner.
Just keep an eye on him, we'll be there as quick as we can.
Like many threatened species,
in order to protect them, we need to understand them.
We want to know if climate change is having an effect,
how it's going to affect theanimals in their movements.
To answer this vital question,
Brad and his team are using electronic tags
to track whale shark movements and monitor their behaviour.
Tagging the biggest fish in thesea is not that easy.
You have to be very calm.
The tag is clamped harmlessly onto the dorsal fin.
This reveals unique insights into what they're doing
when they're out of sight.
We've recorded whale sharks moving along the WA coast
all the way north to Indonesia
and all the way south below Perth.
Well, that's great, guys. Well done. Perfect.
Along with tagging,
Brad and his team have alsodeveloped a pioneering photo monitoring system.
The spots on the skin of each whale shark are unique.
We can identify individuals similar to a fingerprint in humans.
By photographing the unique pattern,
Brad can track the returnmigration of individuals.
Anyone with an underwater camera can now play a part
in helping to conserve whale sharks globally.
By adapting an algorithm NASAuses to map stars in the night sky,
Brad and his colleagues have produced a database
with over 75,000 sightings from 54 countries.
To be able to break new ground
on something that was so big
and so amazing, yet so little known,
it was a dream come true really.
And this star mapping technology is also being adapted
to help other species on the edge of extinction.
We need to keep learning, and as technology is advancing,
we have so many more tools to help our understanding
of whale sharks, of their environment,
and ultimately, how we're going to protect them.
Saving the ocean now depends on scientists from all disciplines
and nations working together.
We are fighting a battle on many fronts.
And to really win, we must keep exploring.
There's still so much about theocean that we have no idea about.
The deep ocean, we know less about that than we do about space.
Even today, we've only mapped 15% of the ocean.
The purpose of the exploration, it's to acquire a better knowledge,
understanding how it works, how species interact,
discovering new species.
Exploring the unknown is now more important than ever.
We cannot protect what we don't know.
Marine Biologist Dr VreniHäussermann has dedicated her life
to exploring one of the lastwildernesses on earth.
CHILEAN FJORD REGION, PATAGONIA
We were the first to look at everything, trying to understand
what species are living there and how they live together.
In these remote fjords in Patagonia,
she's been tackling one of the biggest challenges of all -
the threat to Earth's biodiversity.
Diving down there in the darkness
the first couple of metres, generally, it's really green and dark.
And then, you suddenly get into a clearer area.
There are many secrets hidden down there.
It's our responsibility to explore what's down in the ocean
and to show people what we find.
Using new robotic technology,
they've gone further and deeper.
Finding previously unknownspecies that have lived here for millennia.
When we saw the corals for the first time,
it was like “What is that that looks like a coral?
Why would a coral be in the cold water?”
We don't find them in any otherplaces in the whole of Patagonia,
so it's really interesting, it's a very special area.
Bright lights make everything look just snowy.
So, it was really exciting because nobody had known they were there.
For a biologist to discover this is the dream of your life.
Vreni's discoveries astonished the world.
It led to the first comprehensive field guide,
featuring over 500 fjord species.
Vreni had uncovered a hiddenworld no-one knew existed.
This took 10 years of work
and brought together people from 25 countries
and they all helped to describe the species from Chilean Patagonia,
which was a really big effort
because there was very little in literature about these species.
But as Vreni has continued exploring,
she's also witnessed a frightening transformation.
When I first arrived in the fjord here in 2003,
there were only three small salmon farms.
Within about 10 years, they were popping up everywhere.
Pollution from salmon farms and the impact of climate change
are having disastrousconsequences on this delicately balanced ecosystem.
The changes were really serious.
We started being really worried about the future of the fjord.
In recent years there have been mass die offs everywhere,
including fish, jellyfish, starfish, and even whales.
We saw a big coral mortality.
99% of the corals died off
and they haven't recovered since then.
What is happening in Patagonia is taking place everywhere.
Globally a species is lost approximately every ten minutes.
This loss of biodiversity matters to us all.
It's like a ball of threads, where all the species are connected.
If we start losing species because they are going extinct,
we're kind of cutting the threads
and that makes the whole ball unstable.
The whole ecosystem can break down
and we have really no control over what happens.
Vreni's discoveries haverevealed the true value of life in the fjords.
Helping her prove to the Chilean government
how vital it is to protect what's left.
The danger really here is that we are losing species
that we don't even know yet.
We have to start really understanding the ecosystems
and trying to describe thediversity so that we can start to protect it.
Because the diversity is asimportant as the climate for the planet.
There's no planet B,
no other planet where there's so much life.
And if we destroy this planet,
we don't have more chances,
we need to do something now.
I've spent most of my lifeexploring the deepest parts of the ocean.
I've helped design and build innovative technology
to go deeper and stay longer under the sea.
Here we are,
more than a thousand feet down -
it's 304.2 metres down
and it's dark, it's wonderfully dark.
The ocean below 100 metres or so,
makes up 90% of all space occupied by life on earth.
And yet most of it is yet to be seen or explored.
To understand and care for theocean we must go deeper.
And also build new technology
enabling us to stay underwater for longer.
Like space, this environment is not made for men.
It's a world full of mystery.
Time underwater is a unique gift.
Offering scientists an opportunity
to monitor and protect our rapidly vanishing world.
There was a dream, to create a new scientific observatory.
To have a better understanding of the rules that drive the ocean.
Explorer Ghislain Bardout
is leading a four-year scientific expedition around the world.
Using creative technology tomonitor the negative consequences
of climate change on marine life.
We decided to sell our house.
We sold everything we had.
But we did it, we took the risk.
We just sailed from south to north,
we did hundreds and hundreds of dives.
Along their 50,000 mile journey,
they have dived under the Arctic ice caps.
And collaborated with over 40 international scientists.
Their latest expedition has brought them
to the remote waters of the South Pacific.
Since a kid I have been inspired by pioneers like Sylvia Earle
and their work with underwater habitats.
Ghislain and his team have designed a capsule
that allows them to no longer count dives in hours, but days.
We had the idea to create a new scientific observatory
adapted to our time.
The capsule's design leaves no footprint on the ocean floor,
so it can be placed anywhere in the world.
No noise, no pollution.
With this approach,
you can get a betterunderstanding of the ocean,
of what's happening down there.
Staying underwater for days at a time
has enabled the team to monitor previously hidden changes.
We could see the life of thereef which is like a town.
You can follow a fish
from where he wakes up in the morning,
how they move away
and they disappear for a few minutes or hours
and then they come back.
The chance to live underwater, literally.
To spend day and night living underwater with the fish,
it's not a common experience, it's not an easy one also,
but it's incredibly rare and rich.
These long-term observations are already providing vital data
for a dozen international research institutions.
Ghislain hopes the capsule will be used throughout the world
to continue to monitor the impact of climate change.
With the capsule programme it's only the beginning.
I do believe that our imagination
has to be continuouslyassociated with technologies
and that way, we can create new tools
to have a modern understanding of the ocean
and to preserve not only the ocean but us.
To save the ocean, we must keep exploring.
But for change to be permanent
we must pass our knowledge on to this generation -
and the next.
We need to start with the children
and hand on the knowledge
and all the children need to be aware of the situation
and the risk for their future,
so that they can help to make the necessary changes.
I think it's important that the new generation learn
from what's being done
and what needs to be improved upon
and getting kids involved in science and ocean protection.
Our future depends on ourability to capture hearts and minds.
Do you have a question for Shannon the Shark,
or the amazing Dr Sylvia Earle?
What sort of animals have youseen underwater while diving?
Good question.
Well, I have seen sperm whales come back to the surface
after they've been thousands of feet down
and they still have squid tentacles, like spaghetti.
If every one of us learns to love and care for the sea,
we can win the battle to save the ocean.
In Peru this ability to ignite passion for the sea
is helping save one of their most threatened species.
I remember I was out in the water,
just looking out in the blue.
And then all of a sudden, one of the fishermen spots it.
Giant manta rays for me are magical.
They are so powerful, but they are so gentle.
They're just majestic.
Marine biologist KerstinForsberg has been studying these gentle giants.
Reaching over 7 metres in length,
they can tell us about the health of the ocean as a whole.
If you see a giant manta ray,
you know that it's coming there
because it's a healthy ecosystem that it's feeding on.
But fishing and hunting have put them at risk.
Giant mantas are a vulnerablespecies that's threatened worldwide
that has a population that's decreasing up to 30% globally
and in some places up to 80%.
Kerstin's mission is to find newways of protecting this vulnerable species
by involving every member of her local community.
It is about connecting people to the species,
and connecting people to the ocean.
Kerstin and her team work with local fishermen
to find alternative income through ecotourism.
And to value them as living treasures.
They're worth far more in the ocean alive
because people will come and they will see them
and they will want more people, more tourists to come in
and it will build the whole ecotourism industry.
But, to make sure changes are sustainable,
Kerstin is doing even more.
Raising awareness with the next generation.
Everybody can make a difference.
Everybody, starting from a two-year-old kid.
Working with over 50 local schools
and engaging with hundreds of thousands of people throughout Peru
Kerstin has empowered the nextgeneration to lead their own campaigns.
Her success has since inspired other youth movements around the world.
I tell all the kids that we work with,
you don't have to be a biologist or a conservationist to change the world,
you can change the world
from whatever career or path that you decide to take in life.
In a place where mantas wereonce hunted to near extinction,
Kerstin's showing how real change can happen.
Today, it is now illegal to capture, sell or eat mantas in Peru.
Protect me!
Care for me!
For me, sharing knowledge and working together is key.
We need to be all together.
Everybody wants to live in a healthy planet.
Everybody can make a difference.
When I was a child,
most people thought the ocean was too big to fail.
Now we know it is in trouble and therefore, so are we.
Currently less than 10% is protected.
But to stand a chance of saving the blue heart of the planet -
we must protect at least 30%.
And there is a place in the Indian Ocean that is cause for hope.
The Seychelles is part of a global network of ‘Hope Spots'.
Created by the Non-ProfitOrganisation Mission Blue,
these are places critical to the health of the ocean
that need protection and care.
- Angelique. - Hi, Sylvia.
- How are you? - I'm very well thank you.
- How are you? - Good to see you.
I'm so glad you're here, you're all champions.
Each 'Hope Spot' starts with a champion, like Angelique
who has empowered everyone from the grass roots up to take action.
The Seychelles often sees itself as a laboratory.
You can test whether something would work,
and from there we can inspireothers to say it does work,
it's your turn to take action.
There are some impressive projects here.
Today, a youth-led beach clean-up is collecting tonnes of trah
washed up from all over the world.
Elsewhere fishermen remove rubbish from the reefs.
Others have voluntarily stopped fishing for 6 months.
Fishers who typically would havebeen taking out of the ocean,
they want to pilot for the very first time a temporary fish closure
and in fact will collect data about the impact of a closure
to be able to inform policy.
And, particularly exciting for me,
scientists are surveying seagrass meadows
to calculate their role incapturing and storing carbon from the atmosphere.
What's incredible is how the whole country has taken action -
including the president himself.
And it just shows you the amount of areas that we have protected.
It's paradise.
You know, when I first came here, you were two years old.
Wow, wow.
It was 1964.
There was no protection for the ocean, zero.
Zero protection.
But people thought we didn't need protection.
Today 30% of the waterssurrounding the Seychelles are protected by law -
ten years ahead of global targets.
Time has come for us to act.
And you have been there,
we need to listen to you
and continue to listen to the scientists around the world.
The people of this small nation are showing the world
how one action times ten,
times a thousand, times a million, makes change.
It's great to see that there are still fish in large numbers here.
And not just one species, but at least a dozen in this one area.
It's so beautiful.
It was nice weather.
I think I want to be one of them.
Plenty of reason for hope.
We're diving in a 'Hope Spot' after all.
The Seychelles is just one of a growing number of 'Hope Spots' -
130 so far.
Inspiring people around theplanet to use their power
to restore and protect the blue heart of the planet.
One of the latest is where I lived as a child
in Dunedin, Florida.
Thank you, thank you all of you.
You all have a key role using your super powers
to see the recovery and celebrate it.
We have to cut the ribbon, right?
3,2,1.
Declaring this as Florida Gulf coast 'Hope Spot'
gives me special satisfaction
because this is where for me it started.
There are 130 'Hope Spots' now around the world
and all of them really matter.
Our fate and the oceans are one.
With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take
you are connected to the sea.
It's what makes all life on earth possible.
Thanks to a global network ofscientists - innovating, educating and exploring -
we know what we need to do.
Trying to actually communicate the science
so that people understand the value of these ecosystems
and what it means if we lose them, is so important.
Each and every one of us can make a difference.
I call upon all of you to do your part.
You could be an explorer -
discovering hidden worlds before they are lost.
This capacity to listen to sound and to explore the environment
is allowing us to get a little bit closer to understanding how it works
and how we can save it.
Or you can be an inventor -
building new technology to explore the ocean.
It's going to take innovative technology
and the biggest and bestscientists from around the world
to protect and save our oceans.
Or you can be the teacher
inspiring others to make a difference.
For me it's not just about exchanging knowledge
from peer to peer,
but it's really about exchanging knowledge
from one generation to the other.
Or you can be the one with hope -
showing that anyone can change everything.
Now, there's a chance -
and that's what I'm working flatout to achieve -
that in the future they'll look back and say
thank you 21st century humans, you did get it.
Together we can create a perpetual planet.