WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:09.618 --> 00:00:11.315 CREWMAN: I don't know if you know this, 4 00:00:11.446 --> 00:00:13.491 but there's some water if you need it at any point, okay? 5 00:00:13.622 --> 00:00:15.058 So both cameras are rolling. We'll just slate it here. 6 00:00:15.189 --> 00:00:17.234 - Is that a good spot, Robert? - ROBERT: Yep. 7 00:00:17.365 --> 00:00:18.844 Here we go. 8 00:00:22.631 --> 00:00:24.328 - All right. - CREWMAN: Okay, we're rolling. 9 00:00:24.459 --> 00:00:27.201 SMICK: Okay, we're at a moment of crisis in this country. 10 00:00:27.331 --> 00:00:29.551 But even before the coronavirus appeared, 11 00:00:29.681 --> 00:00:31.988 America was suffering from another epidemic-- 12 00:00:32.119 --> 00:00:34.773 an ongoing epidemic of hate. 13 00:00:34.904 --> 00:00:36.688 Will the bitterness, acrimony, and division 14 00:00:36.819 --> 00:00:39.474 prevent us from ever coming together to solve our problems? 15 00:00:39.604 --> 00:00:42.042 Why is there this rise in hate? 16 00:00:42.172 --> 00:00:44.827 [ dramatic music ] 17 00:00:45.001 --> 00:00:46.394 ♪ 18 00:00:46.481 --> 00:00:48.309 NIALL: Something's gone very wrong 19 00:00:48.396 --> 00:00:50.615 in the fabric of American society, 20 00:00:50.746 --> 00:00:52.878 which leaves people vulnerable 21 00:00:53.009 --> 00:00:56.578 to the appeal of the political hate industry. 22 00:00:56.708 --> 00:00:58.754 [ dramatic music ] 23 00:00:58.884 --> 00:01:01.496 We are living in James Madison's nightmare. 24 00:01:01.670 --> 00:01:04.020 ♪ 25 00:01:04.107 --> 00:01:05.978 We live in a zero-sum world. 26 00:01:06.109 --> 00:01:08.111 We are absolutely convinced 27 00:01:08.242 --> 00:01:10.113 that for one side to get ahead, 28 00:01:10.244 --> 00:01:12.420 the other side has got to lose. 29 00:01:15.292 --> 00:01:17.033 We know what happens with empires 30 00:01:17.164 --> 00:01:19.514 when they lose sight of the values 31 00:01:19.601 --> 00:01:21.429 that made them great. 32 00:01:21.516 --> 00:01:24.519 SMICK: Historians suggest empires last, on average, 33 00:01:24.649 --> 00:01:27.087 only about 250 years. 34 00:01:27.217 --> 00:01:29.263 How old is America? 35 00:01:29.350 --> 00:01:31.700 250 years old. 36 00:01:31.830 --> 00:01:33.832 HOST: The statement, which was how horrible it is, 37 00:01:33.963 --> 00:01:35.443 - is talking about-- - WHOOPI: No, no, that's what you-- 38 00:01:35.573 --> 00:01:37.662 I'm sorry, that's what you said. 39 00:01:37.793 --> 00:01:39.403 - But you know what's horrible- - WHOOPI: You said 40 00:01:39.534 --> 00:01:41.318 - that it was--it's okay. - When people who shouldn't be here 41 00:01:41.449 --> 00:01:43.755 end up murdering the children of American citizens. 42 00:01:43.886 --> 00:01:45.757 - You know what's horrible? - NIALL: Five days a week, 43 00:01:45.888 --> 00:01:49.413 I am confident that the U.S. Constitution 44 00:01:49.544 --> 00:01:51.763 will withstand whatever is thrown at it. 45 00:01:51.894 --> 00:01:53.896 ROSEANNE: [ screaming ] God damn it! 46 00:01:54.026 --> 00:01:56.812 I thought the bitch was white! 47 00:01:56.942 --> 00:01:59.858 Two days a week, I wonder if it must have been like this 48 00:01:59.989 --> 00:02:03.297 in the later stages of the Roman Republic. 49 00:02:03.427 --> 00:02:05.342 - Is Hamas-- - Sir, you invited me on here-- 50 00:02:05.473 --> 00:02:07.866 Do something about your dad's immigration practices, 51 00:02:07.953 --> 00:02:09.346 you feckless [ bleep ]. 52 00:02:09.477 --> 00:02:12.219 Is that a patriot or a wannabe dictator's butt boy? 53 00:02:12.349 --> 00:02:15.657 If you're a baby mama, you just might be a redneck. 54 00:02:15.744 --> 00:02:17.659 When John Boehner played golf with President Obama-- 55 00:02:17.789 --> 00:02:20.140 It'd be like Hitler playing golf with Netanyahu. 56 00:02:20.227 --> 00:02:21.489 They're the enemy. 57 00:02:21.619 --> 00:02:24.231 - HOST: Who's the enemy? - Obama and Biden! 58 00:02:24.361 --> 00:02:25.797 HANK JR: Are you kidding? The three stooges! 59 00:02:25.928 --> 00:02:27.538 AMY: I think you'd have to be 60 00:02:27.669 --> 00:02:29.714 crazy or a hermit 61 00:02:29.845 --> 00:02:31.629 not to be worried about the country at this point. 62 00:02:31.760 --> 00:02:34.023 - [ bleep ]! - LEON: We're living at a time 63 00:02:34.154 --> 00:02:36.634 when the institutions created by our forefathers 64 00:02:36.765 --> 00:02:38.027 are being tested. 65 00:02:41.857 --> 00:02:43.511 If a tree falls in the woods, 66 00:02:43.641 --> 00:02:46.296 how do we get Kellyanne under that tree? 67 00:02:46.427 --> 00:02:48.516 America's like a dysfunctional couple 68 00:02:48.646 --> 00:02:49.865 on the way to divorce court. 69 00:02:49.995 --> 00:02:51.301 Say something funny and I'll laugh. 70 00:02:51.432 --> 00:02:52.215 Okay, how's this? Knock, knock. 71 00:02:52.346 --> 00:02:53.521 - Who's there? 72 00:02:53.651 --> 00:02:55.000 - I'm miserable every waking second. 73 00:02:55.131 --> 00:02:56.698 [ forced laughter ] 74 00:02:56.785 --> 00:02:59.135 - Hilarious! 75 00:03:00.919 --> 00:03:02.747 - Nobody's making progress, 76 00:03:02.878 --> 00:03:04.793 because everybody's on opposite ends of the spectrum. 77 00:03:04.880 --> 00:03:06.838 I will not yield to the gentleman, 78 00:03:06.969 --> 00:03:08.797 and the gentleman will observe regular order! 79 00:03:08.927 --> 00:03:10.320 This is a political food fight. 80 00:03:10.451 --> 00:03:13.323 Food fight! 81 00:03:13.454 --> 00:03:15.717 I don't want to name any names, 82 00:03:15.804 --> 00:03:18.459 but leadership of both of our major political parties 83 00:03:18.589 --> 00:03:20.243 contains a lot of old people, 84 00:03:20.374 --> 00:03:22.593 and before people reach the stage of dementia, 85 00:03:22.724 --> 00:03:25.640 they often turn nasty. 86 00:03:25.770 --> 00:03:27.032 We've always had partisanship. 87 00:03:27.163 --> 00:03:28.599 We've never had this level of dysfunction 88 00:03:28.730 --> 00:03:31.385 because of partisanship. 89 00:03:31.515 --> 00:03:33.865 FRANCIS: We do face this real danger 90 00:03:33.996 --> 00:03:35.650 of a center falling apart in the country 91 00:03:35.780 --> 00:03:39.044 being guided by the extremists on both sides. 92 00:03:40.481 --> 00:03:42.309 SMICK: We are right at the edge 93 00:03:42.439 --> 00:03:45.573 where we have so many things going for us as a country. 94 00:03:45.703 --> 00:03:49.577 The one thing that could take us down is politics. 95 00:03:50.491 --> 00:03:54.059 Politics isn't broken. It's fixed. 96 00:03:54.973 --> 00:03:56.758 When we look under the hood of the political system, 97 00:03:56.845 --> 00:04:00.544 what we find is so corrupt and so rigged, 98 00:04:00.675 --> 00:04:02.024 that the American political system 99 00:04:02.154 --> 00:04:05.288 is flirting with a crack-up. 100 00:04:05.419 --> 00:04:08.900 SMICK: A lot of people are making big money sowing division. 101 00:04:08.987 --> 00:04:10.946 ARTHUR: Powerful people are getting rich and famous 102 00:04:11.076 --> 00:04:13.165 and building their careers by making us hate each other. 103 00:04:13.296 --> 00:04:15.167 SMICK: If you look at the flash points in America, 104 00:04:15.298 --> 00:04:17.213 whether it's terrorism 105 00:04:17.344 --> 00:04:20.564 or dealing with rogue states like North Korea, Iran, 106 00:04:20.695 --> 00:04:24.220 whether it's dealing with Russia and China, cyber... 107 00:04:24.351 --> 00:04:27.745 NIALL: Plus climate change, alarmingly high debt, 108 00:04:27.876 --> 00:04:31.183 the worst drugs crisis in American history. 109 00:04:31.314 --> 00:04:34.622 LEON: All of those ingredients are churning out there, 110 00:04:34.752 --> 00:04:36.580 and the country is divided. 111 00:04:36.711 --> 00:04:38.495 [ gunshots ] 112 00:04:38.626 --> 00:04:40.628 NEWSCASTER: Six people injured, 113 00:04:40.715 --> 00:04:43.239 including Congressman Steve Scalise, now in critical condition. 114 00:04:44.196 --> 00:04:47.939 When you look at the threats to America, they're terrifying. 115 00:04:48.070 --> 00:04:50.942 What if we faced a challenge even worse than COVID-19? 116 00:04:51.073 --> 00:04:53.989 Our enemies now know how to penetrate our defenses. 117 00:04:54.119 --> 00:04:56.687 Biological warfare, not missiles and tanks, 118 00:04:56.818 --> 00:04:59.690 can kill our people and ruin our economy. 119 00:04:59.821 --> 00:05:03.041 Cyberwarfare can destroy our democracy. 120 00:05:03.172 --> 00:05:06.393 Can we come together and protect ourselves... 121 00:05:06.480 --> 00:05:08.482 or are we divided forever? 122 00:05:10.135 --> 00:05:14.531 [ "If You Are But a Dream" begins ] 123 00:05:14.662 --> 00:05:16.620 TECHNICAL ENGINEER: Sinatra recording, take three. 124 00:05:16.794 --> 00:05:21.886 SINATRA: ♪ If you are but a dream ♪ 125 00:05:22.060 --> 00:05:26.935 ♪ I hope I never awaken ♪ 126 00:05:27.109 --> 00:05:29.590 ♪ 127 00:05:29.764 --> 00:05:34.551 ♪ It's more than I could bear ♪ 128 00:05:34.725 --> 00:05:38.599 ♪ To find that I'm forsaken ♪ 129 00:05:38.773 --> 00:05:40.818 ♪ 130 00:05:40.905 --> 00:05:44.344 ♪ If our romance ♪ 131 00:05:44.518 --> 00:05:47.347 ♪ Should break up ♪ 132 00:05:47.521 --> 00:05:52.613 ♪ I hope I never wake up ♪ 133 00:05:52.787 --> 00:05:54.223 ♪ 134 00:05:54.397 --> 00:05:56.878 ♪ If you ♪ 135 00:05:56.965 --> 00:06:01.317 ♪ Are but ♪ 136 00:06:01.491 --> 00:06:05.321 ♪ A dream ♪ 137 00:06:05.495 --> 00:06:08.368 ♪ 138 00:06:11.283 --> 00:06:13.895 [ kids shouting ] 139 00:06:16.637 --> 00:06:18.290 Hold on, hold on. Who started this battle? 140 00:06:18.421 --> 00:06:19.683 Somebody in for a lickin'? 141 00:06:19.814 --> 00:06:21.511 You bet! We're gonna smear him! 142 00:06:21.642 --> 00:06:23.078 - [ overlapping shouting ] - Hold on! 143 00:06:23.208 --> 00:06:25.820 - What's it all about? - BOY: None of your business! 144 00:06:25.950 --> 00:06:28.605 - Scared to tell me? - No, I'm not a-scared. 145 00:06:28.692 --> 00:06:30.607 - I'll fight you, even! - [ chuckles ] 146 00:06:30.738 --> 00:06:33.436 - Not if I can help it. - We don't like his religion. 147 00:06:33.523 --> 00:06:35.699 - His religion? - BOY: Look, mister. 148 00:06:35.830 --> 00:06:37.788 - He's a dirty-- - Now, hold on! 149 00:06:37.919 --> 00:06:40.487 Do you know what this wonderful country is made of? 150 00:06:40.574 --> 00:06:43.707 It's made up of a hundred different kind of people 151 00:06:43.838 --> 00:06:45.840 and a hundred different ways of talking 152 00:06:45.970 --> 00:06:48.320 and a hundred different ways of goin' to church. 153 00:06:48.451 --> 00:06:50.888 But they're all American ways. 154 00:06:51.019 --> 00:06:53.804 Close your eyes and let me tell you about it. 155 00:06:53.935 --> 00:06:56.720 [ lightly edgy music ] 156 00:06:56.807 --> 00:06:59.680 ♪ 157 00:07:01.986 --> 00:07:04.685 DAVID: I was in Munich, in Germany, 158 00:07:04.772 --> 00:07:07.078 talking about international security... 159 00:07:10.430 --> 00:07:11.996 And I looked around, and I thought, 160 00:07:12.127 --> 00:07:16.523 you know, bad things can happen to good countries. 161 00:07:20.222 --> 00:07:22.398 A terrible thing happened in Germany, 162 00:07:22.529 --> 00:07:25.314 a Germany that was becoming modern 163 00:07:25.445 --> 00:07:28.099 and that was increasingly dominant in the world 164 00:07:28.230 --> 00:07:31.451 in the 1920s. 165 00:07:31.581 --> 00:07:33.453 It encountered a populous movement... 166 00:07:35.106 --> 00:07:38.327 That tapped a deep anger, resentment 167 00:07:38.458 --> 00:07:40.547 in the German population. 168 00:07:40.677 --> 00:07:42.462 [ dramatic music ] 169 00:07:42.592 --> 00:07:45.334 It's very easy for our passions, 170 00:07:45.421 --> 00:07:48.729 our resentments to become inflamed by politicians. 171 00:07:48.859 --> 00:07:50.774 And when that happens, 172 00:07:50.905 --> 00:07:54.125 even the best countries aren't immune. 173 00:07:59.522 --> 00:08:01.698 SMICK: Those of us who are of a certain age, 174 00:08:01.829 --> 00:08:04.527 we worry about our children and grandchildren 175 00:08:04.658 --> 00:08:06.007 and what kind of world we're going to leave them. 176 00:08:06.094 --> 00:08:09.097 I'm frankly worried about the slime pit of partisanship 177 00:08:09.184 --> 00:08:12.013 that's keeping Washington from getting anything done. 178 00:08:12.143 --> 00:08:13.710 And most of all, 179 00:08:13.797 --> 00:08:16.931 I'm worried about our country gorging on hate. 180 00:08:17.061 --> 00:08:20.412 [ lightly edgy music ] 181 00:08:20.543 --> 00:08:22.502 They brought the world economy and financial system 182 00:08:22.632 --> 00:08:24.329 back from the brink, 183 00:08:24.460 --> 00:08:26.636 but they haven't dealt with the fundamental problem 184 00:08:26.723 --> 00:08:29.770 that got us into this difficulty in the first place. 185 00:08:29.900 --> 00:08:31.206 NEWSCASTER: That's very interesting. 186 00:08:31.336 --> 00:08:32.729 You could move the market 187 00:08:32.860 --> 00:08:33.774 - with a statement like that. - SMICK: Well... 188 00:08:33.904 --> 00:08:36.646 [ lightly edgy music ] 189 00:08:36.820 --> 00:08:39.736 ♪ 190 00:08:44.262 --> 00:08:47.265 NEWSCASTER: David Smick was in the room in the 1980s 191 00:08:47.352 --> 00:08:50.573 when tax reform was being hammered out. 192 00:08:50.660 --> 00:08:53.533 ♪ 193 00:08:57.711 --> 00:09:00.452 I think America's going through an identity crisis. 194 00:09:00.540 --> 00:09:02.672 We don't understand our heritage, 195 00:09:02.803 --> 00:09:04.979 we're terribly worried about where the country's going 196 00:09:05.109 --> 00:09:06.894 in the next 10 to 20 years. 197 00:09:06.981 --> 00:09:11.246 Are we even allowed to think of ourselves as Americans anymore? 198 00:09:11.376 --> 00:09:14.597 America is a story that was supposed to end well. 199 00:09:14.684 --> 00:09:16.294 Is this is it for the Constitution? 200 00:09:16.425 --> 00:09:17.905 Is capitalism finished? 201 00:09:17.992 --> 00:09:20.864 Or has America only just begun? 202 00:09:20.995 --> 00:09:24.172 There are a lot of people who believe that America's over, 203 00:09:24.302 --> 00:09:27.349 that the only thing left is the fight over a dying carcass. 204 00:09:27.479 --> 00:09:29.612 But I've always believed in the power of ideas 205 00:09:29.743 --> 00:09:31.788 and creative solutions. 206 00:09:31.919 --> 00:09:34.182 So I'm on a journey in search of answers. 207 00:09:34.312 --> 00:09:37.489 I began by talking to people with unique experiences, 208 00:09:37.620 --> 00:09:39.361 and a lot of them appear in this film. 209 00:09:39.448 --> 00:09:41.102 My biggest question is, 210 00:09:41.189 --> 00:09:44.845 why are we wasting so much of our nation's energy on hate 211 00:09:44.975 --> 00:09:47.021 when we could be spending that energy 212 00:09:47.151 --> 00:09:48.979 doing some amazing things? 213 00:09:55.377 --> 00:09:58.859 I'm probably pretty sensitive to the notion of change. 214 00:09:58.989 --> 00:10:01.731 When I was 14, our house burned down. 215 00:10:01.818 --> 00:10:06.170 We lost everything. I was just absolutely stunned. 216 00:10:06.301 --> 00:10:08.608 I had one valuable possession-- 217 00:10:08.695 --> 00:10:10.348 shoebox full of baseball cards, 218 00:10:10.479 --> 00:10:12.786 but that was gone, too. 219 00:10:12.916 --> 00:10:14.962 I saw my parents in crisis. 220 00:10:15.092 --> 00:10:17.312 Here we were living in a Holiday Inn. 221 00:10:17.442 --> 00:10:19.749 From that point on, I have stamped on my brain 222 00:10:19.880 --> 00:10:21.446 that change is the one constant. 223 00:10:21.577 --> 00:10:23.623 Assume nothing. 224 00:10:23.710 --> 00:10:26.408 Stability is not a certainty. 225 00:10:27.975 --> 00:10:30.064 Look at how quickly the coronavirus 226 00:10:30.194 --> 00:10:33.154 has turned our lives upside down. 227 00:10:33.284 --> 00:10:36.897 And there are other threats out there just as horrifying. 228 00:10:37.027 --> 00:10:39.029 It's got me frightened for the United States, 229 00:10:39.116 --> 00:10:41.641 for our country, because I'm worried-- 230 00:10:41.771 --> 00:10:44.034 all that anger and division, 231 00:10:44.121 --> 00:10:46.863 Washington out of control, a hate show-- 232 00:10:46.994 --> 00:10:49.257 we think we're going to get a free pass. 233 00:10:49.344 --> 00:10:51.563 I wouldn't bet on it. 234 00:10:51.651 --> 00:10:54.349 America succeeds when we build each other up, 235 00:10:54.479 --> 00:10:56.481 not when we tear each other down, 236 00:10:56.612 --> 00:10:58.048 particularly when we come together 237 00:10:58.179 --> 00:11:00.790 to address the threats to our future. 238 00:11:00.921 --> 00:11:03.314 United we stand, divided we fall. 239 00:11:03.445 --> 00:11:06.535 America succeeds when it has a purpose. 240 00:11:06.666 --> 00:11:10.495 So buckle up-- we're on a roller-coaster ride of uncertainty. 241 00:11:10.626 --> 00:11:12.759 It doesn't have to end in disaster, 242 00:11:12.889 --> 00:11:16.153 but we're going to have to step in and end the clown show. 243 00:11:16.284 --> 00:11:18.199 - [ gavel pounding ] - [ overlapping voices ] 244 00:11:18.329 --> 00:11:20.157 PRESIDENT PRO TEMP: The Senate will come to order, please. 245 00:11:20.288 --> 00:11:22.943 There's been a pattern of disruption. 246 00:11:23.030 --> 00:11:25.772 - SENATOR: Mr. Chairman, it's outrageous! - [ overlapping shouting ] 247 00:11:25.859 --> 00:11:27.425 Shouting at members of Congress so loud, 248 00:11:27.556 --> 00:11:29.123 at times police are called in. 249 00:11:29.253 --> 00:11:30.907 [ crowd chanting indistinctly ] 250 00:11:31.038 --> 00:11:32.387 MAXINE WATERS: I reserve the balance of my time-- 251 00:11:32.517 --> 00:11:34.302 - MAN: The gentlelady yield. - And, no, I do not yield 252 00:11:34.389 --> 00:11:36.652 not one second to you! 253 00:11:36.783 --> 00:11:39.568 MAN: Mr. Chairman, this is an intolerable harassment of the witness. 254 00:11:39.699 --> 00:11:41.918 BONNIE COLEMAN: What is wrong with that? You need your medication! 255 00:11:42.049 --> 00:11:44.225 I've got a valium pill that you might want to take 256 00:11:44.355 --> 00:11:46.183 before the second round. 257 00:11:46.314 --> 00:11:48.403 - Are you stupid? - They've decided that we're just stupid. 258 00:11:48.533 --> 00:11:50.622 You're willing to bring this country to its knees! 259 00:11:50.753 --> 00:11:52.712 Not the American way-- 260 00:11:52.799 --> 00:11:55.236 these damned bills that come out of here all the damned time! 261 00:12:01.808 --> 00:12:04.027 When you listen to politics today, 262 00:12:04.158 --> 00:12:06.203 people talk to each other with contempt, 263 00:12:06.290 --> 00:12:08.728 as if the other side were actually worthless. 264 00:12:08.815 --> 00:12:11.643 We can discuss these issues without being uncivilized. 265 00:12:11.731 --> 00:12:13.907 It's the same thing I tell my six-year-old. 266 00:12:14.037 --> 00:12:16.387 ARTHUR: Every time the Republicans say, 267 00:12:16.518 --> 00:12:18.520 "The Democrats cannot be trusted," 268 00:12:18.650 --> 00:12:20.609 the trust for Congress goes down. 269 00:12:20.740 --> 00:12:22.306 When the Democrats say, 270 00:12:22.437 --> 00:12:24.656 "The Republicans are just all a bunch of crooks," 271 00:12:24.787 --> 00:12:26.310 that weakens the trust 272 00:12:26.441 --> 00:12:28.922 that Americans have in the institution writ large. 273 00:12:29.052 --> 00:12:31.011 [ camera shutters clicking ] 274 00:12:31.141 --> 00:12:33.753 LEON: In my over 50 years of public life, 275 00:12:33.883 --> 00:12:36.668 Washington today is probably the meanest 276 00:12:36.799 --> 00:12:39.149 and most partisan I've ever seen it. 277 00:12:39.236 --> 00:12:42.892 [ light classical music ] 278 00:12:43.023 --> 00:12:45.808 [ woman singing operatically ] 279 00:12:45.939 --> 00:12:47.070 [ camera shutters clicking ] 280 00:12:47.244 --> 00:12:49.681 ♪ 281 00:12:53.250 --> 00:12:54.686 [ plane engine rumbling ] 282 00:12:54.817 --> 00:12:58.038 Good job tonight. Good job tonight. 283 00:12:58.212 --> 00:12:59.909 ♪ 284 00:13:00.040 --> 00:13:01.345 LEON: For me, when I was in Congress, 285 00:13:01.476 --> 00:13:03.130 governing was good politics. 286 00:13:03.260 --> 00:13:04.609 I don't think they think 287 00:13:04.740 --> 00:13:07.090 that governing is good politics anymore. 288 00:13:07.177 --> 00:13:09.484 They think stopping the other side, 289 00:13:09.614 --> 00:13:12.443 beating the other side up-- that's good politics. 290 00:13:12.574 --> 00:13:14.315 Hell, I went back to Congress, 291 00:13:14.445 --> 00:13:16.534 and I talked to a group of new members, 292 00:13:16.665 --> 00:13:20.669 and I described to them how the legislative process 293 00:13:20.800 --> 00:13:23.193 worked when I was there. 294 00:13:23.324 --> 00:13:25.674 Introduce a bill, goes to the committee, 295 00:13:25.805 --> 00:13:27.110 goes to the subcommittee. 296 00:13:27.241 --> 00:13:29.373 You have hearings, you have markup. 297 00:13:29.504 --> 00:13:31.201 Goes to the floor. 298 00:13:31.332 --> 00:13:33.247 Everybody felt like they were part of a process. 299 00:13:33.377 --> 00:13:35.075 And that's missing now. 300 00:13:35.162 --> 00:13:37.077 Nobody wants to go out into no-man's-land 301 00:13:37.164 --> 00:13:38.774 and try to cut a deal 302 00:13:38.905 --> 00:13:40.645 because they'll get shot in the back. 303 00:13:43.126 --> 00:13:45.563 I, James A. Baker do solemnly swear... 304 00:13:45.694 --> 00:13:48.915 JAMES: Back in my day, we all went to Washington 305 00:13:49.045 --> 00:13:52.222 with the idea that we wanted to do the nation's business-- 306 00:13:52.353 --> 00:13:54.442 Democrats and Republicans. 307 00:13:54.529 --> 00:13:57.358 [ dramatic musical sting ] 308 00:13:57.488 --> 00:14:00.578 [ dynamic music ] 309 00:14:00.752 --> 00:14:03.233 ♪ 310 00:14:14.810 --> 00:14:18.118 [ overlapping shouting ] 311 00:14:18.292 --> 00:14:19.249 ♪ 312 00:14:19.380 --> 00:14:20.729 REPORTER: Mr. Secretary. 313 00:14:20.860 --> 00:14:22.992 - REPORTER: Mr. Baker-- - Mr. Secretary. 314 00:14:24.689 --> 00:14:27.518 JAMES: We got some responsible Democrats 315 00:14:27.649 --> 00:14:30.521 and responsible Republicans together. 316 00:14:30.652 --> 00:14:33.220 They both were willing to give a little here, 317 00:14:33.350 --> 00:14:34.830 take a little there. 318 00:14:34.961 --> 00:14:36.571 And sadly, I think today, 319 00:14:36.701 --> 00:14:39.879 we elect representatives to the Congress, 320 00:14:40.009 --> 00:14:41.358 and they go up there 321 00:14:41.489 --> 00:14:44.274 and they don't get the country's business done. 322 00:14:44.361 --> 00:14:48.104 Two bits, four bits, six bits, a dollar. 323 00:14:48.235 --> 00:14:51.325 All for the Gators-- stand up and holler! 324 00:14:51.455 --> 00:14:55.633 It was an obscene period in our nation's history. 325 00:14:55.764 --> 00:14:59.986 Not our nation's, but at World War II. 326 00:15:00.116 --> 00:15:02.727 I mean, we-we all... lived in this century. 327 00:15:02.858 --> 00:15:05.774 I didn't live in this century, but in this century's history. 328 00:15:05.905 --> 00:15:10.300 Because we did not have-- matter of fact, we fought-- 329 00:15:10.431 --> 00:15:11.693 Hitlerism. 330 00:15:11.823 --> 00:15:14.696 [ light music ] 331 00:15:14.783 --> 00:15:18.874 Look, unfortunately, 332 00:15:19.005 --> 00:15:22.008 the most qualified people in America 333 00:15:22.095 --> 00:15:24.662 don't run for public office. 334 00:15:25.925 --> 00:15:28.753 When you look at the ideas that both parties want to do, 335 00:15:28.884 --> 00:15:30.451 maybe we're better off with gridlock. 336 00:15:30.581 --> 00:15:32.670 The only thing worse than the clown show 337 00:15:32.757 --> 00:15:34.324 would be if the clowns 338 00:15:34.411 --> 00:15:36.109 actually get some of their ideas implemented. 339 00:15:36.239 --> 00:15:40.200 Imagine, Mr. Speaker, a world without balloons, 340 00:15:40.287 --> 00:15:44.160 the injustice of there being no helium 341 00:15:44.291 --> 00:15:46.554 to get that high-pitched voice 342 00:15:46.684 --> 00:15:51.124 that we all hold near and dear to our hearts. 343 00:15:52.734 --> 00:15:54.518 JAMES: The Congressmen particularly, 344 00:15:54.649 --> 00:15:57.217 their week is from Tuesday afternoon 345 00:15:57.304 --> 00:15:59.219 till Thursday afternoon, 346 00:15:59.349 --> 00:16:03.266 then they go home to raise money for the next election. 347 00:16:03.397 --> 00:16:06.269 They don't bring their families to Washington with them. 348 00:16:06.400 --> 00:16:09.577 Many of the things that we were successful in accomplishing 349 00:16:09.664 --> 00:16:12.928 when I was there, and throughout our history, 350 00:16:13.015 --> 00:16:16.323 were accomplished because we had people 351 00:16:16.453 --> 00:16:20.718 on both sides of the aisle who were somewhat friendly. 352 00:16:20.849 --> 00:16:24.200 Even though they shared different policy goals, 353 00:16:24.331 --> 00:16:26.811 they socialized together from time to time. 354 00:16:26.942 --> 00:16:28.683 We don't have that anymore. 355 00:16:28.813 --> 00:16:30.554 - MAN: Leon. - LEON: Part of the problem 356 00:16:30.685 --> 00:16:32.426 is we forget history. 357 00:16:32.556 --> 00:16:37.170 There are some common bonds that bring us together. 358 00:16:37.300 --> 00:16:38.780 I mean, de Tocqueville understood that. 359 00:16:38.910 --> 00:16:40.956 When de Tocqueville came here, 360 00:16:41.087 --> 00:16:44.960 he wrote that there's an ingredient in the American people 361 00:16:45.091 --> 00:16:47.919 that he did not see in Europe. 362 00:16:48.050 --> 00:16:50.313 People cared for one another. 363 00:16:50.444 --> 00:16:53.925 There was a sense of community, a sense of compassion. 364 00:16:54.056 --> 00:16:57.277 There is a spirit of the American people. 365 00:16:57.407 --> 00:16:59.670 I think it's a good impulse 366 00:16:59.801 --> 00:17:02.804 that we not whitewash our history. 367 00:17:02.934 --> 00:17:05.937 But I think a lot of young students don't know 368 00:17:06.068 --> 00:17:08.636 what is it that makes America distinctive? 369 00:17:08.766 --> 00:17:12.770 [ drumming ] 370 00:17:12.857 --> 00:17:15.469 [ "Seventy Six Trombones" begins ] 371 00:17:15.643 --> 00:17:18.602 ♪ 372 00:17:26.132 --> 00:17:28.525 You know, I was Secretary of State 373 00:17:28.656 --> 00:17:31.224 of the United States of America for 40 years. 374 00:17:31.354 --> 00:17:35.315 I traveled to over 90 countries, 375 00:17:35.402 --> 00:17:39.406 and I saw firsthand the way people feel 376 00:17:39.536 --> 00:17:41.799 about the United States of America. 377 00:17:41.930 --> 00:17:45.716 We have been historically a force for good. 378 00:17:45.803 --> 00:17:48.937 We've won three hot wars and one cold one, 379 00:17:49.068 --> 00:17:50.591 and we've never asked for anything 380 00:17:50.721 --> 00:17:54.029 more than enough ground to bury our dead. 381 00:17:54.203 --> 00:17:57.250 ♪ 382 00:17:57.380 --> 00:18:00.514 ALAN: We are the good guys. 383 00:18:00.644 --> 00:18:02.211 You begin to wonder, maybe there's something 384 00:18:02.342 --> 00:18:06.346 indigenous to the psyche of the American people 385 00:18:06.433 --> 00:18:10.263 that always gets us to the top. 386 00:18:10.393 --> 00:18:12.221 KEN: Look at us! 387 00:18:12.352 --> 00:18:14.919 We weren't around 300 years ago. 388 00:18:15.050 --> 00:18:19.620 You go to Italy, there's nothing younger than 500 years. 389 00:18:19.750 --> 00:18:21.578 Go to France. 390 00:18:21.665 --> 00:18:23.450 Go to Ger-- go wherever you want. 391 00:18:23.580 --> 00:18:26.627 They had multiple centuries' jump on us. 392 00:18:26.757 --> 00:18:30.848 Look at what we did. And we're all a bunch of mutts! 393 00:18:30.979 --> 00:18:33.634 [ "Seventy Six Trombones" continues ] 394 00:18:33.721 --> 00:18:37.725 ♪ 395 00:18:39.335 --> 00:18:42.904 LEON: My father and mother were Italian immigrants to this country. 396 00:18:43.034 --> 00:18:46.212 I used to ask my dad, why the hell did you come all that distance? 397 00:18:46.299 --> 00:18:48.779 No money, no skills, no language ability. 398 00:18:48.910 --> 00:18:51.347 And my dad said, "You know, the reason was 399 00:18:51.478 --> 00:18:53.349 "because your mother and I believed 400 00:18:53.436 --> 00:18:56.265 we could give our children a better life in this country." 401 00:18:56.396 --> 00:18:58.963 AMY: I grew up in the Midwest with my three younger sisters, 402 00:18:59.094 --> 00:19:02.402 and my parents were immigrants from Asia. 403 00:19:02.532 --> 00:19:05.187 They were actually Chinese minorities from the Philippines, 404 00:19:05.318 --> 00:19:08.277 so they're sort of like triple outsiders. 405 00:19:08.408 --> 00:19:10.801 SMICK: My grandmother, when she was 19 living in Norway, 406 00:19:10.932 --> 00:19:14.153 faced the prospect of an arranged marriage 407 00:19:14.240 --> 00:19:16.633 with a much older man that she couldn't stand. 408 00:19:16.764 --> 00:19:18.418 And she and her sister got on a boat, 409 00:19:18.548 --> 00:19:21.421 came to the United States, didn't speak English, 410 00:19:21.508 --> 00:19:23.118 both worked as maids. 411 00:19:23.205 --> 00:19:24.728 This was the American dream, 412 00:19:24.859 --> 00:19:27.949 to have her daughter and her grandchildren prosper. 413 00:19:28.036 --> 00:19:30.169 CHRISSY: My father was a survivor of the Holocaust. 414 00:19:30.299 --> 00:19:31.996 He was what's called a "hidden child," 415 00:19:32.127 --> 00:19:34.782 so he was placed with a Christian family during the war. 416 00:19:34.912 --> 00:19:37.219 And he came here as a very, very small child, 417 00:19:37.350 --> 00:19:39.308 at the grace of our great country. 418 00:19:39.439 --> 00:19:42.616 AMY: A lot of people are desperate to come to this country, 419 00:19:42.746 --> 00:19:44.618 and there's a reason for it. 420 00:19:44.705 --> 00:19:47.186 And it doesn't mean that this country is perfect. 421 00:19:47.316 --> 00:19:49.666 FRANCIS: My grandfather came from Japan, 422 00:19:49.753 --> 00:19:52.974 and they were put in relocation camps during the war. 423 00:19:53.104 --> 00:19:54.323 He lost his business, you know, 424 00:19:54.454 --> 00:19:55.846 that he had spent a lifetime building. 425 00:19:55.977 --> 00:19:58.022 And so, you know, they've suffered 426 00:19:58.153 --> 00:20:00.024 from that kind of racism. 427 00:20:00.155 --> 00:20:02.636 AMY: The founding fathers did own slaves. 428 00:20:02.766 --> 00:20:05.116 And a lot of the principles in our Constitution 429 00:20:05.247 --> 00:20:07.989 were not extended to most of the people in the country. 430 00:20:08.119 --> 00:20:10.339 But the United States, at its best, 431 00:20:10.470 --> 00:20:13.995 is a country where someone could be Croatian American 432 00:20:14.082 --> 00:20:15.692 or Italian American, 433 00:20:15.823 --> 00:20:17.912 Irish American, or Korean American 434 00:20:17.999 --> 00:20:21.002 and intensely patriotic at the same time. 435 00:20:21.132 --> 00:20:25.267 [ helicopter blades thrumming ] 436 00:20:25.354 --> 00:20:27.008 - HAWK: I... - CROWD: I... 437 00:20:27.138 --> 00:20:29.010 - I believe... - I believe... 438 00:20:29.140 --> 00:20:31.186 I believe that we will win! 439 00:20:31.317 --> 00:20:33.319 CROWD: I believe that we will win! 440 00:20:33.449 --> 00:20:35.756 HAWK: It's like an abusive relationship 441 00:20:35.886 --> 00:20:37.323 that black people have with America. 442 00:20:37.453 --> 00:20:39.063 It's like the country beats the crap out of us, 443 00:20:39.194 --> 00:20:40.369 but we love our country. 444 00:20:40.500 --> 00:20:42.153 I'm Hawk Newsome. 445 00:20:42.241 --> 00:20:44.852 I'm the president of Black Lives Matter in New York. 446 00:20:44.982 --> 00:20:48.638 Real Americans, everyday hardworking Americans, 447 00:20:48.769 --> 00:20:51.075 regardless of socioeconomic status, 448 00:20:51.206 --> 00:20:54.557 are people with love in their hearts. 449 00:20:54.688 --> 00:20:57.299 And I believe in that America. 450 00:20:57.430 --> 00:21:00.476 I believe in that idealistic America. 451 00:21:01.564 --> 00:21:03.305 GOLDSTEIN: The United States of America 452 00:21:03.436 --> 00:21:05.829 was a gift from God to the world 453 00:21:05.960 --> 00:21:07.527 that became a haven 454 00:21:07.657 --> 00:21:11.226 for all mankind to come to, 455 00:21:11.357 --> 00:21:13.359 especially for the Jewish people, 456 00:21:13.489 --> 00:21:16.275 right after the Holocaust. 457 00:21:16.405 --> 00:21:19.234 It gave us a chance to rebuild ourselves. 458 00:21:21.497 --> 00:21:25.284 ROGER: A number of years ago, I took our youngest son 459 00:21:25.414 --> 00:21:27.677 with me to New York for a couple of days. 460 00:21:27.808 --> 00:21:29.113 And among other things, 461 00:21:29.244 --> 00:21:32.856 we climbed the Statue of Liberty. 462 00:21:32.943 --> 00:21:37.034 And we found ourselves next to a British fellow 463 00:21:37.121 --> 00:21:40.386 and discovered that he was an entrepreneur. 464 00:21:40.516 --> 00:21:41.996 And I said, "Well, what are you doing here?" 465 00:21:42.126 --> 00:21:43.606 And he said, 466 00:21:43.737 --> 00:21:45.913 "There is no place 467 00:21:46.043 --> 00:21:48.655 "that I am aware of on the Earth 468 00:21:48.785 --> 00:21:52.833 "where you can come with a new idea 469 00:21:52.920 --> 00:21:56.271 "and get it funded and embraced 470 00:21:56.402 --> 00:21:58.969 as you can in the United States." 471 00:21:59.056 --> 00:22:00.884 SMICK: That's the genius of the American spirit. 472 00:22:01.015 --> 00:22:03.713 People sense that they can start with nothing, 473 00:22:03.844 --> 00:22:06.586 and they can end up at or near the top. 474 00:22:06.716 --> 00:22:08.892 They're dreamers. They mortgage their homes, 475 00:22:09.023 --> 00:22:11.155 they max out their credit cards. 476 00:22:11.286 --> 00:22:15.856 They want that idea to succeed so badly, their teeth hurt. 477 00:22:15.943 --> 00:22:19.076 LARRY: You know, there was no closer student of America 478 00:22:19.207 --> 00:22:22.079 than Winston Churchill. 479 00:22:22.210 --> 00:22:24.952 And he famously said that the United States always, 480 00:22:25.039 --> 00:22:26.693 always gets it right, 481 00:22:26.823 --> 00:22:29.304 but only after exhausting the alternatives. 482 00:22:31.175 --> 00:22:32.873 We've got our problems, 483 00:22:33.003 --> 00:22:36.050 but I'd rather play the hand of the United States 484 00:22:36.137 --> 00:22:39.793 than play the hand of any other major economy in this world. 485 00:22:39.923 --> 00:22:42.665 [ bombastic music ] 486 00:22:42.839 --> 00:22:45.755 ♪ 487 00:22:49.933 --> 00:22:53.546 ALICE: I love the myth of American exceptionalism, 488 00:22:53.676 --> 00:22:55.548 the can-do spirit, 489 00:22:55.678 --> 00:22:57.898 the impossible takes a little longer 490 00:22:57.985 --> 00:22:59.856 "we can fix it" kind of attitude. 491 00:23:02.206 --> 00:23:05.253 We have believed it over a long time, 492 00:23:05.384 --> 00:23:07.124 and I think it's a very useful belief-- 493 00:23:07.255 --> 00:23:10.258 to believe that you're unique and you're special. 494 00:23:10.389 --> 00:23:13.087 [ stirring music ] 495 00:23:13.174 --> 00:23:15.785 ♪ 496 00:23:15.916 --> 00:23:17.613 ALICE: I am very grateful that the president 497 00:23:17.744 --> 00:23:21.400 has expressed confidence in me and my abilities. 498 00:23:23.793 --> 00:23:26.230 But you have to reckon with the fact 499 00:23:26.361 --> 00:23:29.059 that we are not even talking about 500 00:23:29.190 --> 00:23:32.759 the major issues that this economy has to grapple with, 501 00:23:32.889 --> 00:23:37.024 because politics has become so partisan. 502 00:23:37.154 --> 00:23:39.635 [ car horn honks ] 503 00:23:39.766 --> 00:23:42.116 Too much debt is a problem. 504 00:23:42.246 --> 00:23:44.423 And inequality is a huge problem, 505 00:23:44.510 --> 00:23:48.862 especially the decline of opportunity 506 00:23:48.992 --> 00:23:52.474 for people to move into the middle class. 507 00:23:52.605 --> 00:23:55.085 HOGAN: The average person doesn't want to spend their lives 508 00:23:55.216 --> 00:23:56.957 arguing with their neighbors and friends 509 00:23:57.087 --> 00:23:59.176 about the vice of an angry politics. 510 00:23:59.307 --> 00:24:01.265 They're worried about, you know, paying their bills 511 00:24:01.396 --> 00:24:02.963 and worrying about their sick kid 512 00:24:03.093 --> 00:24:06.183 or taking care of their elderly, you know, parent 513 00:24:06.314 --> 00:24:08.272 or, you know, the issues that they're dealing with every day. 514 00:24:08.403 --> 00:24:11.058 [ edgy music ] 515 00:24:11.232 --> 00:24:14.148 ♪ 516 00:24:17.934 --> 00:24:19.458 SMICK: I grew up a public-school kid 517 00:24:19.588 --> 00:24:21.982 in a blue-collar neighborhood in Baltimore 518 00:24:22.112 --> 00:24:24.027 in which most of the neighborhood 519 00:24:24.158 --> 00:24:27.030 faced tough financial times. 520 00:24:27.161 --> 00:24:29.380 My next-door neighbor drove a cement truck. 521 00:24:29.511 --> 00:24:31.992 My best friend's father was a plumber. 522 00:24:32.122 --> 00:24:35.517 As a child, I was always terrified 523 00:24:35.604 --> 00:24:38.215 that my parents weren't gonna make it financially. 524 00:24:38.302 --> 00:24:40.609 They never talked about it openly, 525 00:24:40.696 --> 00:24:43.438 but you felt that sense of, you know, we're up against the wall, 526 00:24:43.525 --> 00:24:45.309 even though it was a very happy childhood. 527 00:24:45.440 --> 00:24:47.094 I don't think people in Washington understand 528 00:24:47.224 --> 00:24:49.357 that half the country 529 00:24:49.488 --> 00:24:52.534 experiences this kind of nagging financial anxiety 530 00:24:52.665 --> 00:24:55.015 on a daily basis. 531 00:24:55.145 --> 00:24:56.712 And they were experiencing this anxiety 532 00:24:56.843 --> 00:24:59.149 even before the economic meltdown 533 00:24:59.280 --> 00:25:01.195 as a result of the coronavirus. 534 00:25:01.325 --> 00:25:03.371 [ background chatter ] 535 00:25:03.458 --> 00:25:06.156 [ distant siren wailing ] 536 00:25:11.161 --> 00:25:14.425 GOLDSTEIN: My parents had ten children. 537 00:25:14.556 --> 00:25:16.993 It was no easy task to bring up ten children. 538 00:25:17.080 --> 00:25:19.779 My dad always came home with a smile, 539 00:25:19.909 --> 00:25:21.737 always had something good to say. 540 00:25:21.868 --> 00:25:26.002 You never heard a negative word out of his mouth. 541 00:25:26.089 --> 00:25:28.265 SMICK: My father was a Presbyterian minister, 542 00:25:28.352 --> 00:25:30.398 and I was the black sheep of the family. 543 00:25:30.529 --> 00:25:32.879 I was the guy who asked all the bad questions. 544 00:25:33.009 --> 00:25:34.184 But we were close. 545 00:25:34.315 --> 00:25:36.360 And when my father died, 546 00:25:36.491 --> 00:25:39.494 at his funeral, I was really struck, 547 00:25:39.625 --> 00:25:42.192 because there was a common theme 548 00:25:42.323 --> 00:25:47.067 that my dad had a gift for loving the unlovely. 549 00:25:47.197 --> 00:25:50.679 The people that no one cared about--he was there. 550 00:25:50.810 --> 00:25:54.030 Americans, whether Republicans, Democrats or Independents, 551 00:25:54.161 --> 00:25:57.468 we need to learn how to love the unlovely. 552 00:25:57.556 --> 00:26:00.515 In some cases, it might be an immigrant, 553 00:26:00.646 --> 00:26:04.345 and for others, it might be someone living in the Rust Belt 554 00:26:04.432 --> 00:26:07.653 who didn't benefit from the globalization lottery, 555 00:26:07.783 --> 00:26:11.526 who lost everything when their factory and jobs moved overseas 556 00:26:11.657 --> 00:26:14.790 and their families fell into opioid addiction. 557 00:26:19.795 --> 00:26:22.668 America's divisions are no longer based just on party, 558 00:26:22.755 --> 00:26:24.626 race, or ethnicity. 559 00:26:24.757 --> 00:26:27.281 They're now based on class and even geography. 560 00:26:27.368 --> 00:26:30.153 You have the elites, mostly on the coasts, 561 00:26:30.284 --> 00:26:32.939 versus average folk, who are caregivers, 562 00:26:33.069 --> 00:26:36.159 first responders-- the people who work with their hands. 563 00:26:36.290 --> 00:26:37.683 The elites from both political parties 564 00:26:37.813 --> 00:26:39.685 have a bad track record. 565 00:26:39.815 --> 00:26:41.469 It started in Vietnam. 566 00:26:41.600 --> 00:26:43.863 The heartland sent its sons to be butchered. 567 00:26:43.993 --> 00:26:47.388 The sons of the elite took college deferments. 568 00:26:47.518 --> 00:26:50.130 During 9/11, the first responders went up the stairs. 569 00:26:50.260 --> 00:26:52.611 The young investment bankers came down. 570 00:26:52.741 --> 00:26:54.482 And then less than a decade later, 571 00:26:54.613 --> 00:26:56.223 the bankers nearly tanked the world economy, 572 00:26:56.310 --> 00:26:58.051 yet no one went to jail. 573 00:26:58.181 --> 00:27:01.010 Instead, they got a tax break called "carried interest." 574 00:27:01.141 --> 00:27:02.838 [ dramatic music ] 575 00:27:02.969 --> 00:27:06.625 Wonder why people are so resentful and angry today? 576 00:27:06.755 --> 00:27:08.975 Our leaders have consistently failed 577 00:27:09.105 --> 00:27:11.281 to look out for the little guy. 578 00:27:11.412 --> 00:27:14.850 The velvet-rope economy has enabled a new aristocracy 579 00:27:14.981 --> 00:27:16.373 in brains and money 580 00:27:16.504 --> 00:27:19.855 to cut itself off from the rest of America, 581 00:27:19.942 --> 00:27:23.729 and that's dangerous for our democracy. 582 00:27:23.859 --> 00:27:25.731 [ dramatic musical sting ] 583 00:27:25.818 --> 00:27:27.994 ALICE: We can't afford to be two countries 584 00:27:28.124 --> 00:27:30.866 where one country 585 00:27:30.997 --> 00:27:34.696 is cities and coast 586 00:27:34.783 --> 00:27:36.959 and the other is the heartland. 587 00:27:37.046 --> 00:27:39.527 I grew up in the Middle West, so I relate to this. 588 00:27:39.658 --> 00:27:43.400 But is where small towns and small cities 589 00:27:43.531 --> 00:27:45.359 are not doing well. 590 00:27:47.970 --> 00:27:49.972 The greatest economic problem we face today 591 00:27:50.103 --> 00:27:53.497 is something called "social mobility." 592 00:27:53.584 --> 00:27:56.544 The American dream is vanishing for a lot of people. 593 00:27:56.675 --> 00:27:59.416 30 years ago, a person born into 594 00:27:59.547 --> 00:28:01.941 the bottom 25% of the country economically 595 00:28:02.071 --> 00:28:04.378 could study hard and work hard, 596 00:28:04.508 --> 00:28:09.035 and they had about a 25% chance of rising to the top 25%. 597 00:28:09.122 --> 00:28:11.733 Today... 598 00:28:11.820 --> 00:28:14.040 only a 5% chance. 599 00:28:14.127 --> 00:28:16.216 Restoring upward mobility should be viewed 600 00:28:16.346 --> 00:28:18.697 as a national emergency. 601 00:28:18.827 --> 00:28:22.439 The traditional route to wealth and success 602 00:28:22.570 --> 00:28:24.659 has been cut off for many Americans. 603 00:28:24.790 --> 00:28:27.183 [ edgy music ] 604 00:28:27.314 --> 00:28:28.794 ARTHUR: For my money, the most interesting question 605 00:28:28.924 --> 00:28:30.926 is not income inequality. 606 00:28:31.013 --> 00:28:33.363 It's opportunity inequality. 607 00:28:33.494 --> 00:28:36.149 In point of fact, mobility's gotten harder in this country. 608 00:28:38.325 --> 00:28:40.980 SMICK: When I first came to Washington in the 1970s, 609 00:28:41.067 --> 00:28:44.070 everybody was worried about the high cost of capital-- 610 00:28:44.200 --> 00:28:48.030 in other words, it's going to make us globally uncompetitive. 611 00:28:48.117 --> 00:28:50.032 But now capital is cheap. 612 00:28:50.163 --> 00:28:53.601 And our next job is to worry about human capital. 613 00:28:58.432 --> 00:29:00.739 I believe that capitalism has been the greater creator 614 00:29:00.869 --> 00:29:05.134 of wealth and opportunity that the world has ever known. 615 00:29:06.179 --> 00:29:08.007 The integration of our global economy 616 00:29:08.137 --> 00:29:11.488 has made life better for billions of men, 617 00:29:11.619 --> 00:29:13.577 women, and children. 618 00:29:13.708 --> 00:29:16.842 Free market capitalism has taken billions of people out of poverty. 619 00:29:16.929 --> 00:29:20.106 But the coronavirus changes everything. 620 00:29:20.236 --> 00:29:22.630 We need to rethink global capitalism. 621 00:29:22.761 --> 00:29:25.981 Do we really want our industrial supply chains 622 00:29:26.112 --> 00:29:29.419 in ruthless and unstable parts of the world? 623 00:29:29.550 --> 00:29:32.988 Can we psychologically withstand global financial meltdowns 624 00:29:33.119 --> 00:29:35.599 that seem to come every decade or so? 625 00:29:37.906 --> 00:29:40.039 The American economy's out of balance. 626 00:29:40.169 --> 00:29:42.955 Finance and banking have become more important 627 00:29:43.085 --> 00:29:45.479 than coming up with revolutionary ideas 628 00:29:45.609 --> 00:29:48.177 and inventing and making things. 629 00:29:48.308 --> 00:29:50.049 Our financial markets 630 00:29:50.179 --> 00:29:52.703 are propelled by computer-driven investors. 631 00:29:52.834 --> 00:29:56.969 Algorithms, not people, are driving the stock market 632 00:29:57.099 --> 00:29:59.493 and sometimes driving it into the ground. 633 00:30:02.539 --> 00:30:04.367 In addition, free market capitalism 634 00:30:04.498 --> 00:30:08.589 has become a lot more top-down than bottom-up. 635 00:30:08.676 --> 00:30:11.505 Large corporations overwhelm the small enterprises. 636 00:30:11.592 --> 00:30:14.421 They lobby for special corporate welfare, 637 00:30:14.551 --> 00:30:17.380 manipulate patent laws, they get special tax breaks, 638 00:30:17.511 --> 00:30:20.688 they change the rules to stifle competitors-- 639 00:30:20.775 --> 00:30:23.038 anything to avoid a level playing field. 640 00:30:23.169 --> 00:30:26.259 In the grand battle between David versus Goliath, 641 00:30:26.346 --> 00:30:28.957 David doesn't have a chance. 642 00:30:29.044 --> 00:30:31.525 Washington doesn't get much done. 643 00:30:31.655 --> 00:30:34.833 But there's one area where both parties seem to come together-- 644 00:30:34.920 --> 00:30:36.573 when they're working on a bill 645 00:30:36.704 --> 00:30:39.663 that benefits a large multinational corporation 646 00:30:39.794 --> 00:30:41.709 in their own district or state. 647 00:30:41.840 --> 00:30:43.363 Then both parties work together. 648 00:30:43.493 --> 00:30:46.061 So consider this analogy about two cows. 649 00:30:46.192 --> 00:30:47.584 - [ clank ] - [ moo ] 650 00:30:49.325 --> 00:30:50.849 You have two cows. 651 00:30:50.979 --> 00:30:53.286 Under communism, the state takes both 652 00:30:53.416 --> 00:30:54.853 and gives you some milk. 653 00:30:54.983 --> 00:30:56.506 Under socialism, you have two cows. 654 00:30:56.637 --> 00:30:58.465 You give one to your neighbor, 655 00:30:58.595 --> 00:31:01.294 but your neighbor lacks the incentive to milk the cow, 656 00:31:01.381 --> 00:31:04.079 so total milk production drops. 657 00:31:04.210 --> 00:31:05.951 Under fascism, you have two cows. 658 00:31:06.081 --> 00:31:07.953 The state takes both, 659 00:31:08.083 --> 00:31:12.000 shoots one, milks the other, and then throws the milk away. 660 00:31:12.087 --> 00:31:14.742 Under corporate capitalism, or Wall Street capitalism, 661 00:31:14.873 --> 00:31:16.787 which dominates today's economy, 662 00:31:16.918 --> 00:31:20.226 you have two cows and engage in financial engineering. 663 00:31:20.356 --> 00:31:21.923 This is a little like Adam Smith 664 00:31:22.054 --> 00:31:24.012 meets the Twilight Zone. 665 00:31:24.143 --> 00:31:26.319 You sell three cows to your publicly traded company 666 00:31:26.449 --> 00:31:28.321 using letters of credit 667 00:31:28.451 --> 00:31:30.366 opened by your brother-in-law at the bank, 668 00:31:30.497 --> 00:31:32.716 then you execute a debt equity swap 669 00:31:32.847 --> 00:31:34.675 with an associated general offer 670 00:31:34.805 --> 00:31:36.895 so that you get all four cows back 671 00:31:37.025 --> 00:31:39.898 with a tax exemption for five cows. 672 00:31:40.028 --> 00:31:41.421 The milk rights of the six cows 673 00:31:41.551 --> 00:31:44.119 are transferred to a Panamanian company 674 00:31:44.250 --> 00:31:46.556 secretly owned by the majority shareholder 675 00:31:46.687 --> 00:31:48.471 who sells the rights to all seven cows 676 00:31:48.602 --> 00:31:50.517 back to your listed company. 677 00:31:50.647 --> 00:31:53.259 Your annual report says the company owns eight cows 678 00:31:53.389 --> 00:31:56.653 with an option on one more. Phew! 679 00:31:56.784 --> 00:31:59.482 Under Main Street capitalism, you have two cows. 680 00:31:59.613 --> 00:32:01.484 You sell one and buy a bull. 681 00:32:01.615 --> 00:32:04.661 Your herd multiplies, and the economy grows. 682 00:32:04.748 --> 00:32:06.359 Everyone benefits. 683 00:32:06.489 --> 00:32:08.796 You sell your herd and retire on the income. 684 00:32:08.927 --> 00:32:11.016 We need more Main Street capitalism-- 685 00:32:11.146 --> 00:32:13.801 capitalism for the little guy. 686 00:32:15.150 --> 00:32:16.804 You know, Americans historically have been tinkerers, 687 00:32:16.935 --> 00:32:20.155 inventors, and outside-the-box thinkers. 688 00:32:20.286 --> 00:32:22.810 They engage in what some economists call 689 00:32:22.941 --> 00:32:25.030 "mass flourishing" from the bottom up. 690 00:32:25.160 --> 00:32:27.423 We take on challenges and risks 691 00:32:27.554 --> 00:32:29.773 that a lot of other countries don't do. 692 00:32:29.904 --> 00:32:32.689 That has been the secret to our success. 693 00:32:32.820 --> 00:32:35.649 But this spirit of dynamism, of creativity, 694 00:32:35.779 --> 00:32:37.999 is under assault. 695 00:32:38.130 --> 00:32:39.958 It's very tough if you're a small business. 696 00:32:40.088 --> 00:32:42.047 It's very tough if you're an entrepreneur. 697 00:32:42.177 --> 00:32:45.964 The system seems to be rigged against you. 698 00:32:46.094 --> 00:32:48.705 The American economy has gotten more rigid 699 00:32:48.836 --> 00:32:50.185 over the past couple of decades, 700 00:32:50.316 --> 00:32:52.535 and especially since the financial crisis. 701 00:32:52.666 --> 00:32:54.624 And that's what really freaks Americans out, 702 00:32:54.755 --> 00:32:56.626 and it's making us hate each other. 703 00:32:56.757 --> 00:33:00.195 Hate comes from feelings of humiliation. 704 00:33:00.326 --> 00:33:04.417 When people feel humiliated, particularly in the economy, 705 00:33:04.547 --> 00:33:07.072 that humiliation turns to anger. 706 00:33:07.202 --> 00:33:10.466 And then the anger becomes hate. 707 00:33:10.597 --> 00:33:12.816 There is a very intimate relationship 708 00:33:12.947 --> 00:33:16.864 between economics and identity. 709 00:33:16.995 --> 00:33:19.736 If you have a job, it's not just a source of resources, 710 00:33:19.823 --> 00:33:23.349 it's also a source of your identity or your dignity, 711 00:33:23.479 --> 00:33:25.090 your self-esteem. 712 00:33:25.220 --> 00:33:27.440 Where is the dignity in poverty, 713 00:33:27.570 --> 00:33:30.269 in going home and looking at your family 714 00:33:30.399 --> 00:33:33.011 and realizing that there's no food in the refrigerator, 715 00:33:33.141 --> 00:33:34.969 your lights are about to get cut off, 716 00:33:35.100 --> 00:33:37.841 and you're about a payment away from being evicted. 717 00:33:37.972 --> 00:33:41.715 How can you hold your head up, you know? 718 00:33:41.845 --> 00:33:44.674 And this isn't just black neighborhoods. 719 00:33:44.805 --> 00:33:47.503 You look at poor white people. 720 00:33:47.634 --> 00:33:50.202 They may own homes, but they have rising property taxes. 721 00:33:50.289 --> 00:33:51.986 They can't make their mortgages. 722 00:33:52.117 --> 00:33:53.509 Jobs are being outsourced, 723 00:33:53.640 --> 00:33:55.250 factories that are used to employing them 724 00:33:55.381 --> 00:33:56.860 are no longer there. 725 00:33:56.991 --> 00:33:59.994 This is not what the American dream is supposed to be. 726 00:34:00.125 --> 00:34:02.562 FRANCIS: So one of the big problems is simply 727 00:34:02.649 --> 00:34:04.999 people that thought they were middle class or working class 728 00:34:05.086 --> 00:34:06.914 that have lost status. 729 00:34:07.045 --> 00:34:08.611 And if you lose that job, 730 00:34:08.742 --> 00:34:11.484 it means that society has somehow devalued you. 731 00:34:11.614 --> 00:34:13.051 It's that loss of value 732 00:34:13.181 --> 00:34:15.357 that actually creates the greatest anger. 733 00:34:15.488 --> 00:34:17.142 [ bell dinging ] 734 00:34:17.229 --> 00:34:19.274 NEWSCASTER: The Dow tumbled more than 500 points 735 00:34:19.361 --> 00:34:22.582 after two pillars of the Street tumbled over the weekend. 736 00:34:22.712 --> 00:34:25.498 Lehman Brothers, a 158-year-old firm, 737 00:34:25.628 --> 00:34:27.369 filed for bankruptcy. 738 00:34:27.456 --> 00:34:29.850 Brought down by bad mortgage investments, Lehman, 739 00:34:29.937 --> 00:34:33.375 which has 25,000 employees, will be liquidated. 740 00:34:33.462 --> 00:34:34.985 I'm starting to find another job. 741 00:34:35.073 --> 00:34:37.205 [ indistinct chanting ] 742 00:34:37.336 --> 00:34:40.034 [ bluesy music ] 743 00:34:40.208 --> 00:34:43.037 ♪ 744 00:34:43.168 --> 00:34:46.910 Banks got bailed out, we got sold out! 745 00:34:47.041 --> 00:34:50.914 ALICE: We allowed the crisis of 2008 to happen. 746 00:34:51.001 --> 00:34:53.787 It should never have happened. 747 00:34:53.917 --> 00:34:56.659 A lot of the animosity towards capitalism today, 748 00:34:56.790 --> 00:34:58.574 a lot of the resentment, 749 00:34:58.705 --> 00:35:02.056 is borne of what those kids saw in 2008. 750 00:35:02.143 --> 00:35:06.191 ALICE: Young people and wage earners whose wages were not going up 751 00:35:06.321 --> 00:35:10.978 were looking at this and saying, "These fat cats aren't like us. 752 00:35:11.109 --> 00:35:13.633 They're making out like bandits." 753 00:35:13.763 --> 00:35:15.765 And they were right. 754 00:35:15.896 --> 00:35:18.072 The people who lived through the financial crash are still angry. 755 00:35:18.203 --> 00:35:20.422 - I get kind of sick and tired-- - With all due respect, 756 00:35:20.553 --> 00:35:22.468 I get sick and tired of the richest people in this country 757 00:35:22.555 --> 00:35:24.905 - who are getting richer and richer and richer-- - MAN: Regular order! 758 00:35:25.035 --> 00:35:26.950 After the financial crisis, 759 00:35:27.081 --> 00:35:29.910 both parties had walked away from capitalism. 760 00:35:29.997 --> 00:35:32.826 It's an irony, because capitalism is under attack, 761 00:35:32.913 --> 00:35:35.481 but I don't even think we're doing capitalism anymore. 762 00:35:35.611 --> 00:35:38.266 The most important price in the world 763 00:35:38.397 --> 00:35:40.355 is long-term interest rates. 764 00:35:40.486 --> 00:35:43.532 And post-financial crisis, 765 00:35:43.619 --> 00:35:46.840 we went from what were emergency measures 766 00:35:46.927 --> 00:35:49.930 to literally having central banks 767 00:35:50.017 --> 00:35:52.062 setting the price of money. 768 00:35:52.193 --> 00:35:55.370 So we're not engaging in capitalism here anymore. 769 00:35:55.501 --> 00:35:57.764 There's no price signals to Congress, 770 00:35:57.894 --> 00:36:01.637 and it's all about free money. 771 00:36:01.768 --> 00:36:04.727 SMICK: Zombie corporations that are loaded with debt, 772 00:36:04.858 --> 00:36:08.775 but they're walking around buying back their stock. 773 00:36:08.905 --> 00:36:12.561 As we saw during the coronavirus market meltdown, 774 00:36:12.692 --> 00:36:15.825 these companies are the financial systems' dangerous soft underbelly. 775 00:36:15.956 --> 00:36:17.958 It's not free market capitalism, 776 00:36:18.088 --> 00:36:20.613 it's free money capitalism. 777 00:36:20.743 --> 00:36:23.093 What we're looking at here is America shutting down. 778 00:36:23.224 --> 00:36:24.356 These stay-at-home orders 779 00:36:24.443 --> 00:36:25.748 are effectively shutting down the economy. 780 00:36:25.835 --> 00:36:29.883 Can the economy handle a month's long shutdown? 781 00:36:30.013 --> 00:36:32.277 SMICK: In response to the global pandemic, 782 00:36:32.407 --> 00:36:35.018 our economy was put into a medically induced coma. 783 00:36:38.587 --> 00:36:40.415 For once, Washington did the right thing 784 00:36:40.546 --> 00:36:43.331 and gave people and small businesses money 785 00:36:43.462 --> 00:36:45.725 simply so they could survive. 786 00:36:45.855 --> 00:36:48.771 Now, how quickly we come out of the coma depends on one thing-- 787 00:36:48.902 --> 00:36:51.078 our confidence. 788 00:36:51.209 --> 00:36:54.212 Will average families and consumers and small-business people 789 00:36:54.342 --> 00:36:58.564 still be as optimistic as they once were about America's future? 790 00:36:58.694 --> 00:37:02.002 Will they still dream big and dare big? 791 00:37:02.132 --> 00:37:04.178 One way to restore confidence 792 00:37:04.309 --> 00:37:06.485 is for our leaders to come together 793 00:37:06.572 --> 00:37:09.966 to address problems that they so far have ignored. 794 00:37:10.097 --> 00:37:12.186 Never before in history 795 00:37:12.317 --> 00:37:15.320 has the world created this much money, credit, and debt. 796 00:37:15.450 --> 00:37:17.496 We're in uncharted territory. 797 00:37:17.583 --> 00:37:19.759 Washington needs a road map 798 00:37:19.889 --> 00:37:23.415 for navigating this brave, new world. 799 00:37:23.545 --> 00:37:26.331 We have trillion-dollar budget deficits, 800 00:37:26.461 --> 00:37:29.377 and nobody cares. 801 00:37:29.508 --> 00:37:32.337 Light a match under that, 802 00:37:32.467 --> 00:37:35.992 and deficits will upend the system. 803 00:37:36.123 --> 00:37:37.994 STAN: It's interesting that young people 804 00:37:38.125 --> 00:37:41.520 can see climate change 30 to 50 years out, 805 00:37:41.650 --> 00:37:44.958 but for some reason, they can't focus on the debt problem 806 00:37:45.088 --> 00:37:46.699 15 or 20 years out. 807 00:37:46.786 --> 00:37:48.178 There's no question 808 00:37:48.266 --> 00:37:49.876 there'll be a day of reckoning. 809 00:37:50.006 --> 00:37:52.705 Capital is being misallocated, 810 00:37:52.792 --> 00:37:54.707 and when it finally ends, 811 00:37:54.837 --> 00:37:57.710 it's going to be really, really bloody. 812 00:37:59.842 --> 00:38:01.844 NIALL: The economics is important, 813 00:38:01.975 --> 00:38:04.891 but it doesn't explain the intensity 814 00:38:05.021 --> 00:38:07.110 of partisan feeling. 815 00:38:07.241 --> 00:38:09.765 [ overlapping shouting ] 816 00:38:09.896 --> 00:38:12.290 Then I think you need to turn to culture. 817 00:38:12.420 --> 00:38:14.553 [ crowd shouting ] 818 00:38:14.683 --> 00:38:17.382 I grew up in Glasgow, in the west of Scotland, 819 00:38:17.512 --> 00:38:20.123 where for centuries, there had been tension 820 00:38:20.254 --> 00:38:22.517 between Roman Catholics and Protestants. 821 00:38:22.648 --> 00:38:24.824 And you didn't just kind of wake up and say, 822 00:38:24.954 --> 00:38:26.782 "I'll be a Catholic today." 823 00:38:26.913 --> 00:38:28.828 It was something that you were born with 824 00:38:28.958 --> 00:38:31.134 and stuck with for life. 825 00:38:31.221 --> 00:38:33.659 But go to an American baseball game, 826 00:38:33.789 --> 00:38:37.227 and the level of hatred for the other side is incredibly low 827 00:38:37.358 --> 00:38:38.968 by the standards of Rangers and Celtic, 828 00:38:39.099 --> 00:38:41.406 the two soccer teams I grew up with. 829 00:38:41.536 --> 00:38:43.538 ANNOUNCER: And it'll run out of play. 830 00:38:46.324 --> 00:38:49.544 That was nice of him. 831 00:38:49.631 --> 00:38:51.764 ANNOUNCER 2: That is very nice of that young man. 832 00:38:51.894 --> 00:38:53.853 - Oh, my God. - Aww. 833 00:38:53.983 --> 00:38:56.072 NIALL: People sit there eating hot dogs, 834 00:38:56.203 --> 00:38:57.987 and I'm always struck by the fact 835 00:38:58.118 --> 00:39:03.036 that nobody's really hating even the Yankees in Boston. 836 00:39:04.124 --> 00:39:07.257 In the United States, people join tribes, 837 00:39:07.388 --> 00:39:11.087 often at times of personal crisis. 838 00:39:11.218 --> 00:39:15.353 Teenagers are particularly prone to join a tribe. 839 00:39:15.483 --> 00:39:16.876 So I think to understand the United State, 840 00:39:17.006 --> 00:39:18.486 you have to understand what is it 841 00:39:18.573 --> 00:39:22.795 that leads somebody to become woke 842 00:39:22.925 --> 00:39:24.797 or, for that matter, a neo-Nazi. 843 00:39:28.844 --> 00:39:30.977 CROWD: [ chanting ] Move, move, move, move! 844 00:39:31.107 --> 00:39:33.240 AMY: We are at a moment where every group in America 845 00:39:33.327 --> 00:39:35.155 feels threatened. 846 00:39:35.285 --> 00:39:37.462 It's not just religious minorities, 847 00:39:37.549 --> 00:39:40.552 like Jews and Muslims who now feel threatened. 848 00:39:40.639 --> 00:39:42.641 Christians feel threatened. 849 00:39:42.728 --> 00:39:45.078 When groups feel threatened, 850 00:39:45.208 --> 00:39:47.602 that's when they retreat into tribalism. 851 00:39:47.733 --> 00:39:50.779 They become more insular, more us-versus-them, 852 00:39:50.910 --> 00:39:54.130 more defensive and demonizing the other side. 853 00:39:54.261 --> 00:39:56.045 I think in the last few years, 854 00:39:56.176 --> 00:39:58.918 we've seen a rise in hate, race-based hate, 855 00:39:59.005 --> 00:40:02.487 religion-based hate, gender-based hate. 856 00:40:02.617 --> 00:40:04.576 If we want to get to that place of racial harmony, 857 00:40:04.663 --> 00:40:08.536 which I think we're closer to now than ever before-- 858 00:40:08.667 --> 00:40:11.887 things might become a little bumpier before we get there, 859 00:40:11.974 --> 00:40:14.890 but I think we're closer to that place that we need to be. 860 00:40:15.021 --> 00:40:16.849 We're just going to have to be realistic 861 00:40:16.979 --> 00:40:19.068 about what's happening in this country. 862 00:40:19.199 --> 00:40:20.243 CREW WOMAN: We're ready, if you want. 863 00:40:20.374 --> 00:40:21.767 Okay. Great. 864 00:40:24.030 --> 00:40:26.641 SMICK: You've had a hell of a life. Tell us your story. 865 00:40:26.772 --> 00:40:29.557 DEREK: When I was born, my family had already been building up 866 00:40:29.688 --> 00:40:33.822 their ideology of sanitized white supremacy. 867 00:40:33.953 --> 00:40:36.738 [ dramatic music ] 868 00:40:36.912 --> 00:40:39.741 ♪ 869 00:40:46.313 --> 00:40:48.141 So-called Civil Rights Movement produces 870 00:40:48.271 --> 00:40:51.144 anti-white preference in a majority-white country. 871 00:40:51.274 --> 00:40:52.754 WOMAN: Derek was the most prominent 872 00:40:52.841 --> 00:40:55.757 young white supremacist in the United States. 873 00:40:55.888 --> 00:40:59.065 My parents were fairly typical middle-class 874 00:40:59.195 --> 00:41:01.284 white families in America, 875 00:41:01.371 --> 00:41:04.505 and they became much more extreme in college. 876 00:41:04.636 --> 00:41:08.204 My father is the one who popularized the term "white nationalism." 877 00:41:08.335 --> 00:41:11.120 My dad had worked on my godfather's campaign 878 00:41:11.251 --> 00:41:13.601 of cleverly worded white supremacy. 879 00:41:13.688 --> 00:41:15.864 The current outbreak of violence over the shooting 880 00:41:15.951 --> 00:41:17.866 of an African American is how 881 00:41:17.997 --> 00:41:20.869 Jewish supremacist-dominated mass media 882 00:41:20.956 --> 00:41:23.872 engages in deliberate incitement 883 00:41:24.003 --> 00:41:27.136 of racist hatred against European Americans. 884 00:41:27.223 --> 00:41:30.879 My nationalism is rooted in anti-Semitism. 885 00:41:35.144 --> 00:41:37.582 If you actually break apart their ideology, 886 00:41:37.669 --> 00:41:41.760 they want separation of people, they want mass deportation. 887 00:41:41.890 --> 00:41:44.153 We believe we have the right to maintain 888 00:41:44.284 --> 00:41:46.329 our countries as white nations. 889 00:41:46.460 --> 00:41:48.854 We believe we're being subject to genocide. 890 00:41:48.984 --> 00:41:52.553 I was 19 years old, and I totally believed the entire ideology. 891 00:41:52.684 --> 00:41:56.296 I ran for a local county seat and won it. 892 00:41:56.383 --> 00:41:57.950 I made national news. 893 00:41:58.037 --> 00:41:59.560 It really seemed like 894 00:41:59.691 --> 00:42:01.867 I was going to take over this movement. 895 00:42:03.564 --> 00:42:05.305 The white nationalist movement 896 00:42:05.392 --> 00:42:08.264 provides a lot of social support to people. 897 00:42:08.395 --> 00:42:10.353 You can't discount that. 898 00:42:10.484 --> 00:42:12.312 They join a movement of people 899 00:42:12.442 --> 00:42:14.053 who are completely unapologetic, 900 00:42:14.140 --> 00:42:16.969 who become godparents for each other's children 901 00:42:17.099 --> 00:42:18.971 and support each other financially. 902 00:42:19.101 --> 00:42:21.626 It's like that level of commitment is almost religious. 903 00:42:21.713 --> 00:42:24.933 SMICK: I think many Americans are lonely. 904 00:42:25.064 --> 00:42:26.631 They're no longer associated with a club 905 00:42:26.718 --> 00:42:28.458 or a church or a community group. 906 00:42:28.546 --> 00:42:30.939 The family structure is broken down. 907 00:42:31.070 --> 00:42:32.811 So they reach out to these activist groups 908 00:42:32.941 --> 00:42:34.943 and political parties, 909 00:42:35.030 --> 00:42:36.858 but they have a loyalty that's so fierce, 910 00:42:36.989 --> 00:42:38.860 they want to destroy the other side. 911 00:42:38.991 --> 00:42:41.776 And the effect is almost like a drug... 912 00:42:41.907 --> 00:42:44.039 and studies show that human beings 913 00:42:44.170 --> 00:42:47.652 actually take pleasure when the other side fails, 914 00:42:47.782 --> 00:42:49.828 or suffers a misfortune. 915 00:42:49.958 --> 00:42:50.872 Our brains actually light up. 916 00:42:51.003 --> 00:42:52.613 [ crowd chanting ] 917 00:42:52.744 --> 00:42:54.310 DEREK: My father started 918 00:42:54.441 --> 00:42:56.269 the first white supremacist website. 919 00:42:56.399 --> 00:42:58.445 He really brought the movement onto the Internet. 920 00:42:58.576 --> 00:43:00.969 The number of self-described "hate organizations" 921 00:43:01.100 --> 00:43:03.493 has increased 69% in our country. 922 00:43:03.581 --> 00:43:05.321 Many of their sympathizers keep in touch 923 00:43:05.452 --> 00:43:07.759 through stormfront.org, 924 00:43:07.889 --> 00:43:10.413 which was founded by our guest, Don Black. 925 00:43:10.544 --> 00:43:12.459 DEREK: He viewed that as a total sea change 926 00:43:12.590 --> 00:43:15.462 and how he was able to talk to a few hundred people 927 00:43:15.593 --> 00:43:17.899 and instead start talking to millions. 928 00:43:18.030 --> 00:43:19.205 DON: Over the years, I've distributed 929 00:43:19.335 --> 00:43:21.337 tens of thousands of leaflets. 930 00:43:21.468 --> 00:43:24.514 But we never were able to reach the kind of audience 931 00:43:24.602 --> 00:43:27.866 that we can now so easily and inexpensively. 932 00:43:27.953 --> 00:43:30.695 You can't understand the polarization 933 00:43:30.825 --> 00:43:32.784 of American politics and society 934 00:43:32.914 --> 00:43:35.438 without realizing that the public's fear 935 00:43:35.569 --> 00:43:37.049 has been completely, 936 00:43:37.179 --> 00:43:41.314 structurally transformed by the Internet. 937 00:43:41.444 --> 00:43:43.795 Things that we thought were going to be beneficial 938 00:43:43.925 --> 00:43:46.449 oftentimes are just the opposite. 939 00:43:46.580 --> 00:43:51.019 In 1900, you could buy heroin in a Sears, Roebuck catalog. 940 00:43:51.150 --> 00:43:53.195 Dentists prescribed cocaine. 941 00:43:53.326 --> 00:43:56.024 Social media--it's supposed to be this great thing 942 00:43:56.155 --> 00:43:58.026 that would connect the world, 943 00:43:58.157 --> 00:44:00.072 but it's clearly been less than that. 944 00:44:00.202 --> 00:44:02.074 Good news doesn't sell newspapers. 945 00:44:02.161 --> 00:44:03.510 Predicting imminent disaster-- 946 00:44:03.641 --> 00:44:05.904 now, that's what gets people's attention. 947 00:44:06.948 --> 00:44:09.168 SHELBY: Flame-throwing, hot headlines 948 00:44:09.298 --> 00:44:10.996 are what get the instant clicks. 949 00:44:11.126 --> 00:44:14.173 Clicks bring ads, clicks bring money. 950 00:44:14.260 --> 00:44:16.479 It then becomes a feedback loop 951 00:44:16.566 --> 00:44:18.568 that is changing journalism for good. 952 00:44:18.699 --> 00:44:21.876 It's not just social media, it's all kinds of media. 953 00:44:22.007 --> 00:44:23.748 There really isn't enough news to talk about 954 00:44:23.878 --> 00:44:25.880 24-7, 7 days a week. 955 00:44:25.967 --> 00:44:29.014 There's just not. You know, turn it off. 956 00:44:29.101 --> 00:44:31.886 You got to snap out of it, like Cher said. 957 00:44:32.017 --> 00:44:33.540 Snap out of it! 958 00:44:33.671 --> 00:44:34.672 LIZA: You don't have to keep the TV on. 959 00:44:34.802 --> 00:44:36.151 We don't need that. 960 00:44:36.282 --> 00:44:38.110 NIALL: The algorithms used on Twitter 961 00:44:38.197 --> 00:44:39.894 or on YouTube 962 00:44:40.025 --> 00:44:42.984 are designed to exacerbate polarization. 963 00:44:43.071 --> 00:44:47.336 On Twitter, every emotive word that you use in a tweet 964 00:44:47.467 --> 00:44:49.382 will increase the probability 965 00:44:49.512 --> 00:44:51.906 of its being retweeted by 20%. 966 00:44:52.037 --> 00:44:54.169 If you look at the number of followers, 967 00:44:54.300 --> 00:44:56.563 the more extreme they are, the more followers they have. 968 00:44:56.694 --> 00:44:59.697 The centrists are nowhere in the world of social media, 969 00:44:59.827 --> 00:45:02.917 because to be in the center is, by definition, 970 00:45:03.048 --> 00:45:04.310 not to be retweeted. 971 00:45:04.440 --> 00:45:07.139 You can see opinions that would, in the past, 972 00:45:07.269 --> 00:45:09.184 have been considered the village crank 973 00:45:09.315 --> 00:45:12.144 talking at the bar with one or two buddies. 974 00:45:12.274 --> 00:45:16.104 And now the village crank can connect with 30,000 people 975 00:45:16.235 --> 00:45:18.541 around the country or around the world. 976 00:45:18.672 --> 00:45:21.327 ALEX: Sandy Hook is a synthetic, 977 00:45:21.414 --> 00:45:24.069 completely fake, with actors, 978 00:45:24.199 --> 00:45:26.158 in my view, manufactured. 979 00:45:26.245 --> 00:45:28.638 The odd thing is that the promise of the Internet, 980 00:45:28.769 --> 00:45:31.816 which was to be a highly decentralized network 981 00:45:31.903 --> 00:45:33.600 in which everybody would have a voice... 982 00:45:33.731 --> 00:45:35.384 Hello, good morning, good afternoon. 983 00:45:35.515 --> 00:45:37.778 NIALL: Has been greatly betrayed 984 00:45:37.909 --> 00:45:41.086 by the giant companies like Google, Facebook 985 00:45:41.216 --> 00:45:43.479 that now dominate the public sphere. 986 00:45:43.566 --> 00:45:45.960 It's always a shock to discover that there's evil in the world. 987 00:45:46.091 --> 00:45:48.267 But this evil was there before Google, Facebook-- 988 00:45:48.397 --> 00:45:50.965 But it was never so exponentially distributed. 989 00:45:51.096 --> 00:45:53.228 I don't know how, in a world 990 00:45:53.359 --> 00:45:55.535 where humans can upload over and over again 991 00:45:55.665 --> 00:45:58.146 things which are evil, how you can prevent that 992 00:45:58.277 --> 00:46:00.540 without having a censorship regime. 993 00:46:00.627 --> 00:46:03.238 Do you really want to put in government sensors 994 00:46:03.369 --> 00:46:05.545 on what people say? I don't think so. 995 00:46:05.675 --> 00:46:07.765 SMICK: I think Schmidt's offering a false choice. 996 00:46:07.895 --> 00:46:10.593 What if these companies that now edit for content 997 00:46:10.680 --> 00:46:12.552 face the same libel laws asThe New York Times 998 00:46:12.682 --> 00:46:14.728 and other news media outlets? 999 00:46:14.815 --> 00:46:16.164 What if Google and Facebook 1000 00:46:16.295 --> 00:46:18.384 turned down all political advertising 1001 00:46:18.514 --> 00:46:20.125 and turned off the algorithms 1002 00:46:20.255 --> 00:46:21.822 that keep conservatives and liberals 1003 00:46:21.909 --> 00:46:23.476 from ever hearing the other side? 1004 00:46:23.606 --> 00:46:25.826 The American people would avoid a lot of heartache, 1005 00:46:25.957 --> 00:46:27.654 and Google and Facebook 1006 00:46:27.785 --> 00:46:29.656 would still be two of the world's richest companies. 1007 00:46:29.787 --> 00:46:32.398 A lot of people want to destroy our tech companies. 1008 00:46:32.528 --> 00:46:34.095 But does that really make sense, 1009 00:46:34.182 --> 00:46:36.010 given that the Chinese 1010 00:46:36.097 --> 00:46:38.839 are in the process of building up their tech sector? 1011 00:46:38.970 --> 00:46:42.103 But we need reforms. The status quo is unacceptable. 1012 00:46:42.234 --> 00:46:46.499 The notorious trolling boards, such as 4chan and 8chan, 1013 00:46:46.629 --> 00:46:48.718 they were supposed to be bulletin boards 1014 00:46:48.849 --> 00:46:50.895 for unregulated free speech. 1015 00:46:51.025 --> 00:46:53.027 But they actually have become breeding grounds 1016 00:46:53.158 --> 00:46:55.203 for conspiracy theorists, 1017 00:46:55.290 --> 00:46:59.555 manifestos that sometimes lead to violent acts. 1018 00:46:59.642 --> 00:47:01.514 GUARD: Keep going! Run out that way! 1019 00:47:01.601 --> 00:47:03.733 NEWSCASTER: Moments before the mass murder in El Paso, 1020 00:47:03.864 --> 00:47:06.432 the suspect detailed his plans and ideology 1021 00:47:06.519 --> 00:47:08.913 in a post on the Internet forum 8chan, 1022 00:47:09.043 --> 00:47:11.263 a haven for white extremists. 1023 00:47:11.350 --> 00:47:14.527 That diatribe also inspiring an apparent copycat 1024 00:47:14.657 --> 00:47:16.703 who, five weeks later, opened fire 1025 00:47:16.790 --> 00:47:18.400 at a Poway, California, synagogue 1026 00:47:18.531 --> 00:47:20.141 after posting on 8chan. 1027 00:47:22.317 --> 00:47:24.972 GOLDSTEIN: What happened to me... 1028 00:47:25.103 --> 00:47:27.627 it was a fraction of a second. 1029 00:47:31.413 --> 00:47:33.633 I'm heading to wash my hands. 1030 00:47:33.763 --> 00:47:37.724 I listened to the children that were playing behind me, 1031 00:47:37.811 --> 00:47:40.770 and then I hear gunshots, and I turn around, 1032 00:47:40.858 --> 00:47:42.729 and then I see a terrorist 1033 00:47:42.816 --> 00:47:45.819 standing in the lobby of my sanctuary. 1034 00:47:45.906 --> 00:47:49.692 And he's lifting up his AR-15 1035 00:47:49.823 --> 00:47:51.912 to shoot at me. 1036 00:47:52.043 --> 00:47:54.262 And in my mind, whatever happens to me, 1037 00:47:54.393 --> 00:47:56.786 whether he shoots and gets me or not, that's irrelevant. 1038 00:47:56.917 --> 00:47:59.833 I got to go attempt to save the children. 1039 00:47:59.920 --> 00:48:04.272 I knew the chances of me surviving that was almost zero. 1040 00:48:04.403 --> 00:48:06.231 I mean, 15 feet away, 1041 00:48:06.361 --> 00:48:09.190 as I turned to gather the children, 1042 00:48:09.321 --> 00:48:11.236 that's when the bullets ran out. 1043 00:48:11.366 --> 00:48:14.848 Inexplainable how just two fingers got hit. 1044 00:48:14.979 --> 00:48:18.591 Nothing else on my body got harmed. 1045 00:48:18.678 --> 00:48:20.854 But I was able to get the kids out of the room. 1046 00:48:23.422 --> 00:48:25.685 NEWSCASTER: Worshippers describe the heart-stopping moment 1047 00:48:25.815 --> 00:48:28.949 a gunman stormed into a Poway synagogue and opened fire. 1048 00:48:29.080 --> 00:48:31.865 Right now we know that one person was killed, 1049 00:48:31.996 --> 00:48:33.998 three others were injured. 1050 00:48:34.128 --> 00:48:37.523 This all played out on the last day of Passover, 1051 00:48:37.653 --> 00:48:40.482 one of the most holy days of the year for Jews. 1052 00:48:40.613 --> 00:48:43.659 We've built engines of polarization, 1053 00:48:43.790 --> 00:48:46.314 and they now dominate the Internet. 1054 00:48:46.445 --> 00:48:48.490 This is a key reason 1055 00:48:48.621 --> 00:48:52.364 why politics has become so toxic. 1056 00:48:52.494 --> 00:48:55.106 The politicians have become activists, 1057 00:48:55.236 --> 00:48:58.196 and extreme is the new norm. 1058 00:48:58.326 --> 00:48:59.806 You think I don't realize 1059 00:48:59.937 --> 00:49:02.461 that the Democrats are promoting issues 1060 00:49:02.591 --> 00:49:05.333 and drawing things out to keep people mad? 1061 00:49:05.464 --> 00:49:08.554 You think that the Republicans aren't starting fires 1062 00:49:08.684 --> 00:49:10.382 to promote hate in their base? 1063 00:49:10.512 --> 00:49:11.731 [ carnival music ] 1064 00:49:11.818 --> 00:49:14.038 It's like a magic show. 1065 00:49:14.168 --> 00:49:16.257 They are showing us one thing and doing another. 1066 00:49:16.431 --> 00:49:18.390 ♪ 1067 00:49:18.520 --> 00:49:21.219 I think everybody has had repeatedly the conversation, 1068 00:49:21.349 --> 00:49:22.829 "Washington is broken." 1069 00:49:22.960 --> 00:49:24.309 - MAN: Every vote... - Must count! 1070 00:49:24.439 --> 00:49:26.354 Our political system 1071 00:49:26.441 --> 00:49:30.358 essentially puts the voter at the bottom. 1072 00:49:30.489 --> 00:49:33.405 We need to elevate the power of the voter 1073 00:49:33.492 --> 00:49:35.102 as the premier customer 1074 00:49:35.233 --> 00:49:38.279 and make the currency of votes 1075 00:49:38.366 --> 00:49:41.456 more important than the currency of money. 1076 00:49:41.543 --> 00:49:43.719 SMICK: During each election cycle in America, 1077 00:49:43.850 --> 00:49:45.547 a whopping $16 billion 1078 00:49:45.634 --> 00:49:48.637 is funneled to only 19,000 insiders. 1079 00:49:48.768 --> 00:49:50.030 That's about the number of people 1080 00:49:50.161 --> 00:49:52.119 that fit into a basketball arena. 1081 00:49:52.250 --> 00:49:53.903 Why? 1082 00:49:53.991 --> 00:49:57.037 They want access to the largest industry there is-- 1083 00:49:57.168 --> 00:50:00.780 the $4 trillion U.S. federal budget. 1084 00:50:00.910 --> 00:50:04.740 Politics is big money, and it's also dark money. 1085 00:50:04.914 --> 00:50:06.090 - [ thunder rumbles ] - ♪ Ain't there somethin' ♪ 1086 00:50:06.264 --> 00:50:08.179 ♪ That money can't buy? ♪ 1087 00:50:08.309 --> 00:50:10.355 SMICK: Dark money has grabbed the American political system 1088 00:50:10.442 --> 00:50:12.661 by the throat. 1089 00:50:12.748 --> 00:50:16.709 The 2010 Supreme Court decision, Citizens United, 1090 00:50:16.839 --> 00:50:18.667 allows billionaires and corporations 1091 00:50:18.798 --> 00:50:21.235 to spend virtually unlimited amounts 1092 00:50:21.366 --> 00:50:22.541 on indirect support 1093 00:50:22.671 --> 00:50:24.586 of candidates and their causes, 1094 00:50:24.717 --> 00:50:26.632 and they do so anonymously. 1095 00:50:26.806 --> 00:50:28.547 ♪ 1096 00:50:28.634 --> 00:50:30.375 Combine this with the Internet, 1097 00:50:30.505 --> 00:50:32.638 including the deep and dark web, 1098 00:50:32.768 --> 00:50:36.033 where the truth goes missing and hate lurks everywhere, 1099 00:50:36.120 --> 00:50:40.428 and the result is the poisoning of politics in America. 1100 00:50:40.515 --> 00:50:43.431 First Republicans were the dark money masters. 1101 00:50:43.562 --> 00:50:45.607 Now it's both parties. 1102 00:50:45.694 --> 00:50:48.132 Dark money is swamping our politics. 1103 00:50:48.262 --> 00:50:51.048 Is this the day democracy died? 1104 00:50:53.876 --> 00:50:55.835 The risk is that any billionaire or government 1105 00:50:55.965 --> 00:50:57.271 anywhere in the world 1106 00:50:57.402 --> 00:50:59.882 can quietly help decide our elections. 1107 00:51:00.013 --> 00:51:02.798 Foreign governments already use Internet bots and trolls 1108 00:51:02.929 --> 00:51:04.844 to foment division. 1109 00:51:04.974 --> 00:51:08.282 Global criminal syndicates regularly roam the Internet. 1110 00:51:08.456 --> 00:51:10.371 - [ funky music continues ] - ♪ Whose money? ♪ 1111 00:51:10.502 --> 00:51:12.199 SMICK: We are risking the fundamental thing 1112 00:51:12.330 --> 00:51:14.854 that defines us as Americans-- 1113 00:51:14.984 --> 00:51:17.813 the confidence that our elections are legitimate. 1114 00:51:19.946 --> 00:51:21.948 75 years ago during D-Day, 1115 00:51:22.079 --> 00:51:24.472 a lot of brave people sacrificed their lives 1116 00:51:24.603 --> 00:51:26.648 to save our democracy. 1117 00:51:26.779 --> 00:51:29.521 Is this how we repay them, 1118 00:51:29.651 --> 00:51:32.741 putting Congress and the White House up for sale? 1119 00:51:32.872 --> 00:51:35.179 Is there an adult in the room in Washington, D.C. 1120 00:51:35.309 --> 00:51:39.270 willing to say, "Stop this insanity"? 1121 00:51:39.357 --> 00:51:41.489 KATHERINE: Why is there so much money in politics? 1122 00:51:41.620 --> 00:51:42.969 Because it delivers 1123 00:51:43.100 --> 00:51:46.103 a phenomenal return on investment. 1124 00:51:46.233 --> 00:51:47.582 Politicians around money 1125 00:51:47.713 --> 00:51:50.890 are like drug addicts around cocaine. 1126 00:51:51.020 --> 00:51:53.719 We need to have the money come in, 1127 00:51:53.849 --> 00:51:56.765 more from guys like me. 1128 00:51:56.896 --> 00:51:59.855 Why would I care if I pay more taxes now? 1129 00:51:59.986 --> 00:52:01.814 I can afford to pay more, and I should. 1130 00:52:01.944 --> 00:52:03.381 I agree with that. 1131 00:52:03.511 --> 00:52:05.339 But that money should not be used 1132 00:52:05.470 --> 00:52:08.821 for the politicians to enhance their own status 1133 00:52:08.951 --> 00:52:10.562 for the next election. 1134 00:52:10.692 --> 00:52:12.999 That's what this is all about. 1135 00:52:15.088 --> 00:52:18.004 George Washington, in his famous farewell address said, 1136 00:52:18.135 --> 00:52:20.180 "Beware of political parties." 1137 00:52:21.703 --> 00:52:24.053 Political parties are nowhere mentioned 1138 00:52:24.184 --> 00:52:25.881 in the U.S. Constitution. 1139 00:52:25.968 --> 00:52:28.232 [ frenetic music ] 1140 00:52:28.362 --> 00:52:29.320 A person can give 1141 00:52:29.450 --> 00:52:34.542 $847,500 annually 1142 00:52:34.673 --> 00:52:37.893 to either or both of our political parties. 1143 00:52:41.158 --> 00:52:43.029 But someone running as an Independent 1144 00:52:43.160 --> 00:52:47.686 is limited to receiving only $5,400 every two years. 1145 00:52:50.602 --> 00:52:54.214 The parties have colluded to create fundraising rules 1146 00:52:54.345 --> 00:52:56.912 that allow their candidates to receive 1147 00:52:57.043 --> 00:53:00.133 313 times more money 1148 00:53:00.264 --> 00:53:03.005 than an Independent candidate. 1149 00:53:03.136 --> 00:53:06.705 Roughly a third of Americans identify as Independents. 1150 00:53:06.835 --> 00:53:09.186 But to the recent immigrant, there is a mystery. 1151 00:53:09.316 --> 00:53:10.535 And I'm a newly minted American 1152 00:53:10.665 --> 00:53:12.798 who only became a citizen last year. 1153 00:53:12.928 --> 00:53:14.930 Hey, where's the Independent party headquarters? 1154 00:53:15.061 --> 00:53:17.846 Where's the leader of the Independent party? I'd like to join. 1155 00:53:17.933 --> 00:53:21.502 Parties have colluded where the bar is so high 1156 00:53:21.633 --> 00:53:23.591 to be on the presidential debate stage. 1157 00:53:23.722 --> 00:53:25.071 And if an Independent 1158 00:53:25.202 --> 00:53:26.986 can't get on the presidential debate stage, 1159 00:53:27.116 --> 00:53:28.944 that Independent has no chance 1160 00:53:29.075 --> 00:53:31.556 of crossing the finish line in November. 1161 00:53:33.253 --> 00:53:37.605 We have a classic duopoly. There's only two players. 1162 00:53:37.736 --> 00:53:41.130 You've got choice A, Democrats, choice B, Republicans. 1163 00:53:41.261 --> 00:53:43.655 The only thing either side has to do is convince the voter 1164 00:53:43.785 --> 00:53:46.135 to choose them as the lesser of two evils... 1165 00:53:48.050 --> 00:53:52.141 And neither side has to deliver results. 1166 00:53:52.272 --> 00:53:54.492 And this lack of accountability 1167 00:53:54.579 --> 00:53:57.103 is a key reason 1168 00:53:57.234 --> 00:53:59.888 why we have gridlock, drama, and dysfunction 1169 00:54:00.019 --> 00:54:01.803 instead of results in the public interest. 1170 00:54:01.934 --> 00:54:05.677 [ farcical music ] 1171 00:54:05.807 --> 00:54:08.462 SMICK: People think that if their political party wins, 1172 00:54:08.593 --> 00:54:10.595 they'll control Washington forever. 1173 00:54:10.725 --> 00:54:12.988 Of the last 14 presidents, 1174 00:54:13.119 --> 00:54:16.470 7 have been Republican, 7 have been Democrat. 1175 00:54:16.601 --> 00:54:19.473 Presidents Clinton, Obama, and Trump came into office 1176 00:54:19.604 --> 00:54:22.215 controlling both houses of Congress. 1177 00:54:22.346 --> 00:54:24.652 But at the mid-term elections, 1178 00:54:24.783 --> 00:54:28.830 most of the time that majority has been lost. 1179 00:54:28.961 --> 00:54:32.007 Two years later-- back to divided government. 1180 00:54:32.138 --> 00:54:34.009 Control of the U.S. Senate 1181 00:54:34.140 --> 00:54:35.837 has regularly switched back and forth 1182 00:54:35.968 --> 00:54:37.709 every four to six years. 1183 00:54:37.839 --> 00:54:41.321 Voters don't seem to trust either party for very long. 1184 00:54:41.452 --> 00:54:42.931 What does that mean? 1185 00:54:43.062 --> 00:54:45.978 Partisan legislative solutions seldom last. 1186 00:54:46.108 --> 00:54:49.242 The other party comes in and reverses direction. 1187 00:54:49.329 --> 00:54:52.724 Complex politically thorny issues are never addressed. 1188 00:54:52.854 --> 00:54:55.335 The American people lose out. 1189 00:54:55.466 --> 00:54:56.945 KATHERINE: In the United States, 1190 00:54:57.076 --> 00:54:59.774 elections are won with a plurality, 1191 00:54:59.905 --> 00:55:01.863 which means that you just have to have the most votes, 1192 00:55:01.994 --> 00:55:04.039 but you don't really have to have a true majority. 1193 00:55:04.170 --> 00:55:06.781 So in a three-way race, someone could win with 34%, 1194 00:55:06.912 --> 00:55:09.175 which means they won, but it also means 1195 00:55:09.306 --> 00:55:11.699 that 66% of the people preferred someone else. 1196 00:55:11.786 --> 00:55:13.397 The big swing to the Silly Party and, of course, 1197 00:55:13.527 --> 00:55:15.268 the very large swing back to the Sensible Party 1198 00:55:15.399 --> 00:55:16.704 and a tendency to wobble up and down in the middle, 1199 00:55:16.835 --> 00:55:18.402 because the, ah, screw's loose. 1200 00:55:18.532 --> 00:55:20.186 LARRY: The most conservative Republican wins, 1201 00:55:20.317 --> 00:55:22.406 the most liberal Democrat wins, 1202 00:55:22.536 --> 00:55:26.584 and neither one of them has to appeal to the average person. 1203 00:55:26.714 --> 00:55:29.151 FRANCIS: It's crazy that we allow the two political parties 1204 00:55:29.282 --> 00:55:30.892 to manage and run elections. 1205 00:55:31.023 --> 00:55:32.677 They're gonna advantage themselves 1206 00:55:32.807 --> 00:55:35.810 to the extent they can while they're in power. 1207 00:55:37.508 --> 00:55:39.858 KATHERINE: I was talking to a Washington insider, and he said to me, 1208 00:55:39.988 --> 00:55:42.600 "Everybody knows Washington doesn't work for anyone 1209 00:55:42.687 --> 00:55:45.167 except for those of us who work here." 1210 00:55:46.255 --> 00:55:49.215 SMICK: A political system that serves only a few 1211 00:55:49.346 --> 00:55:51.043 is politically unsustainable. 1212 00:55:51.173 --> 00:55:53.654 A lot of the big money in politics 1213 00:55:53.741 --> 00:55:55.961 is used to sow division, to preserve the status quo. 1214 00:55:56.091 --> 00:55:58.267 They don't want change. 1215 00:55:58.355 --> 00:55:59.878 The American people need to ask, 1216 00:56:00.008 --> 00:56:03.098 why do we want money to play this great role 1217 00:56:03.229 --> 00:56:05.057 as a political divider? 1218 00:56:05.144 --> 00:56:06.754 The majority of us, 1219 00:56:06.841 --> 00:56:08.930 on both sides of the political spectrum, 1220 00:56:09.061 --> 00:56:12.325 are tired of this-this angst. 1221 00:56:12.456 --> 00:56:14.066 They're tired of these extremes. 1222 00:56:14.153 --> 00:56:16.895 They're tired of this constant state of polarization. 1223 00:56:17.025 --> 00:56:20.551 We want to make progress. We want to come together. 1224 00:56:20.681 --> 00:56:23.597 But we have to do it in a real way. 1225 00:56:24.772 --> 00:56:27.558 There have been a number of demonstrations in recent months, 1226 00:56:27.688 --> 00:56:29.951 including this one in Charlottesville that turned deadly. 1227 00:56:30.082 --> 00:56:32.606 Now a group is planning what it calls 1228 00:56:32.737 --> 00:56:34.869 the "Mother of all Rallies." 1229 00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:37.176 HAWK: We went to Washington, D.C., 1230 00:56:37.306 --> 00:56:39.134 and we had a reporter in the car. 1231 00:56:39.221 --> 00:56:42.094 He was like, "You remember that Mother of all Rallies is down here." 1232 00:56:42.224 --> 00:56:45.140 So we're like, "Okay, we're gonna go to the Mother of all Rallies." 1233 00:56:45.227 --> 00:56:48.230 [ overlapping shouting, cheering ] 1234 00:56:48.361 --> 00:56:51.320 [ tense music ] 1235 00:56:51.451 --> 00:56:53.322 We get out of the car, we suit up, 1236 00:56:53.453 --> 00:56:56.587 we get our signs and our flags ready. 1237 00:56:56.717 --> 00:56:58.415 We start to march over to the Mall. 1238 00:57:02.114 --> 00:57:04.116 As we're walking up, 1239 00:57:04.246 --> 00:57:06.901 the closer we got to the actual rally, 1240 00:57:07.032 --> 00:57:09.164 we heard people were calling us, 1241 00:57:09.295 --> 00:57:10.514 you know, the N-word. 1242 00:57:15.910 --> 00:57:17.259 As far as I'm concerned, 1243 00:57:17.346 --> 00:57:20.175 black people built America for free, 1244 00:57:20.262 --> 00:57:23.962 so this is as much our country as it is anyone else's. 1245 00:57:24.092 --> 00:57:27.748 But there was one fella who was standing in front of us. 1246 00:57:27.879 --> 00:57:30.098 He said, "Would you like to go onstage?" 1247 00:57:30.229 --> 00:57:33.667 And I kind of look around, survey the group. 1248 00:57:33.754 --> 00:57:35.321 And folks nodded, like, 1249 00:57:35.452 --> 00:57:36.844 "Yeah, let's go up there and let's give it to 'em!" 1250 00:57:36.975 --> 00:57:39.630 CROWD: USA, USA! 1251 00:57:39.760 --> 00:57:42.154 USA, USA! 1252 00:57:42.284 --> 00:57:44.156 HAWK: As we approached the stage, 1253 00:57:44.286 --> 00:57:47.420 people start to gather around us. 1254 00:57:47.551 --> 00:57:50.989 And then the police officers, they were sweating profusely 1255 00:57:51.076 --> 00:57:54.253 because they knew if these people rushed us 1256 00:57:54.383 --> 00:57:56.777 that they're going down with us. 1257 00:57:56.908 --> 00:57:59.171 What a lot of people don't know is, 1258 00:57:59.301 --> 00:58:01.956 we were almost kicked off the stage. 1259 00:58:02.087 --> 00:58:05.220 And this man was, like, "All right, you stand there and line up 1260 00:58:05.351 --> 00:58:07.571 and put your fist in the air." 1261 00:58:07.701 --> 00:58:10.008 And my response was, "Who do you think you're talking to?" 1262 00:58:10.095 --> 00:58:11.923 And he says, "If you don't want to do that, 1263 00:58:12.053 --> 00:58:13.490 then you get offstage." 1264 00:58:13.620 --> 00:58:15.535 MAN: They want to get they spotlight, 1265 00:58:15.666 --> 00:58:17.929 I'm gonna get they spotlight on my spotlight. 1266 00:58:18.016 --> 00:58:20.888 I go on this rant. "I'm not leaving this stage. 1267 00:58:20.975 --> 00:58:22.934 You brought me up here. I'm going to speak." 1268 00:58:23.021 --> 00:58:25.240 And Tommy Gunn says, "No, they came up here, 1269 00:58:25.327 --> 00:58:27.373 they're going to say their piece." 1270 00:58:27.504 --> 00:58:30.071 I'm standing here and letting our presence be felt 1271 00:58:30.202 --> 00:58:34.859 and letting them know that we are in direct opposition 1272 00:58:34.946 --> 00:58:36.817 to everything that they're promoting. 1273 00:58:38.558 --> 00:58:40.647 I was going to go up there-- 1274 00:58:40.778 --> 00:58:44.216 And there's terms we use in the streets called "read them to filth"-- 1275 00:58:44.303 --> 00:58:46.871 it means tell them exactly who they are 1276 00:58:47.001 --> 00:58:48.829 and how we feel about them. 1277 00:58:48.960 --> 00:58:52.964 But it was like the skies open up 1278 00:58:53.051 --> 00:58:54.922 and-and God spoke to me directly. 1279 00:58:55.053 --> 00:58:56.576 I know it sounds crazy, 1280 00:58:56.707 --> 00:59:00.624 but God spoke to me and said, 1281 00:59:00.754 --> 00:59:03.627 "Let them know who you are." 1282 00:59:03.757 --> 00:59:05.716 After months of divisive rhetoric, 1283 00:59:05.803 --> 00:59:08.283 a moment of unity in an unexpected place. 1284 00:59:08.414 --> 00:59:10.024 NEWSCASTER: When members of Black Lives Matter 1285 00:59:10.155 --> 00:59:12.549 went to a rally in D.C., they were prepared to protest. 1286 00:59:12.679 --> 00:59:15.073 But what they did not expect was this. 1287 00:59:15.203 --> 00:59:17.379 We're going to give you two minutes of our platform 1288 00:59:17.510 --> 00:59:19.294 to put your message out. 1289 00:59:19.425 --> 00:59:22.950 Now, whether they disagree or agree with your message is irrelevant. 1290 00:59:23.081 --> 00:59:24.996 It's the fact that you have the right to have the message. 1291 00:59:25.126 --> 00:59:27.520 The first thing out of my mouth was, "I'm an American." 1292 00:59:27.651 --> 00:59:30.262 I am an American! 1293 00:59:30.392 --> 00:59:32.264 [ crowd cheering ] 1294 00:59:32.394 --> 00:59:35.049 They all went crazy. Like, "What do you mean? 1295 00:59:35.180 --> 00:59:37.617 "You're a protestor. You're a civil rights activist. 1296 00:59:37.704 --> 00:59:39.619 "You're a self-proclaimed liberator. 1297 00:59:39.750 --> 00:59:41.578 You love America?" 1298 00:59:41.708 --> 00:59:43.667 Yes! I love America! 1299 00:59:43.797 --> 00:59:47.409 And the beauty of America 1300 00:59:47.540 --> 00:59:51.370 is that when you see something broke in your country, 1301 00:59:51.457 --> 00:59:54.068 you can mobilize to fix it! 1302 00:59:54.155 --> 00:59:56.070 [ stirring music ] 1303 00:59:56.201 --> 00:59:58.246 And now they're clapping. They're going. 1304 00:59:58.377 --> 01:00:02.076 So when you see a man murdered, 1305 01:00:02.207 --> 01:00:06.080 choked to death after he calls for his life 11 times 1306 01:00:06.211 --> 01:00:09.301 and nothing happens, you have to do something about that. 1307 01:00:09.388 --> 01:00:11.956 And then there was, like, this awkward 1308 01:00:12.086 --> 01:00:14.611 "I can't believe I'm clapping for this guy." 1309 01:00:14.741 --> 01:00:19.006 We say, "If a cop is bad, he needs to get fired 1310 01:00:19.137 --> 01:00:22.836 like a bad lawyer, like a bad [ bleep ] politician!" 1311 01:00:22.923 --> 01:00:24.664 [ crowd cheering ] 1312 01:00:24.795 --> 01:00:26.840 "You know, this is not what I believe in, 1313 01:00:26.971 --> 01:00:29.103 but he's kind of right." 1314 01:00:29.234 --> 01:00:31.584 Secondly, I said, "I'm a Christian." 1315 01:00:31.671 --> 01:00:33.847 "Raahhr!" Everybody's going crazy. 1316 01:00:33.978 --> 01:00:35.501 [ loud cheering ] 1317 01:00:35.632 --> 01:00:38.504 I don't think my Bible is any different from yours 1318 01:00:38.635 --> 01:00:42.247 when it says, "Love thy neighbor"! 1319 01:00:42.334 --> 01:00:45.598 What I really wanted was to show these folks 1320 01:00:45.729 --> 01:00:46.904 there are two guiding principles 1321 01:00:47.034 --> 01:00:48.514 that we both have in common, 1322 01:00:48.601 --> 01:00:51.735 which are the Bible and the Constitution. 1323 01:00:51.865 --> 01:00:54.694 [ cheers and applause ] 1324 01:00:58.480 --> 01:00:59.960 I think we made progress. 1325 01:01:00.091 --> 01:01:02.702 I don't think that activists 1326 01:01:02.833 --> 01:01:05.270 received the message well. 1327 01:01:05.400 --> 01:01:08.882 I don't think that politicians received the message well. 1328 01:01:09.013 --> 01:01:13.060 But Americans, they saw that as a coming together 1329 01:01:13.191 --> 01:01:16.107 to find common ground, and they appreciated that. 1330 01:01:16.237 --> 01:01:19.937 At some point, we're going to have to talk 1331 01:01:20.067 --> 01:01:21.895 to the other side. 1332 01:01:22.026 --> 01:01:26.813 And, I mean, the rest is, I guess, viral history, right? 1333 01:01:26.944 --> 01:01:29.424 SMICK: I don't believe we're born haters. 1334 01:01:29.555 --> 01:01:31.949 Hate is something we learn. 1335 01:01:32.079 --> 01:01:34.342 And it can be unlearned. 1336 01:01:34.473 --> 01:01:38.085 The opposite of hatred and anger is not love. 1337 01:01:38.216 --> 01:01:40.305 The opposite of hatred is empathy. 1338 01:01:40.435 --> 01:01:42.263 Now, back to your story-- 1339 01:01:42.394 --> 01:01:44.744 you decided to go to New College. 1340 01:01:44.875 --> 01:01:47.747 So what's the one big thing you learned 1341 01:01:47.834 --> 01:01:51.098 from your experience of breaking away? 1342 01:01:51.229 --> 01:01:54.101 DEREK: When I showed up to this little liberal arts college, 1343 01:01:54.232 --> 01:01:56.495 at first, no one knew my background. 1344 01:01:56.582 --> 01:01:59.803 I was still doing a radio show in the morning with my dad. 1345 01:01:59.933 --> 01:02:01.674 Nobody happened to Google me. 1346 01:02:01.805 --> 01:02:04.198 It was only in the second semester where it came out, 1347 01:02:04.329 --> 01:02:06.113 and it became an enormous controversy 1348 01:02:06.244 --> 01:02:08.028 on this little campus. 1349 01:02:08.115 --> 01:02:11.118 People who I'd made friends with felt really betrayed. 1350 01:02:11.249 --> 01:02:12.337 But the next thing I did 1351 01:02:12.424 --> 01:02:14.861 was start attending a Shabbat dinner 1352 01:02:14.948 --> 01:02:17.821 from a practicing Orthodox Jewish student 1353 01:02:17.951 --> 01:02:19.126 who lived next to me. 1354 01:02:19.257 --> 01:02:20.954 I went just because 1355 01:02:21.085 --> 01:02:23.609 there weren't that many social invitations. 1356 01:02:23.696 --> 01:02:26.046 And what was unexpected is that I kept coming back. 1357 01:02:26.177 --> 01:02:27.569 [ soft music ] 1358 01:02:27.700 --> 01:02:30.311 His dinners were very diverse, 1359 01:02:30.442 --> 01:02:33.750 and that was a space where we were able to talk. 1360 01:02:33.880 --> 01:02:36.883 My ideology said that they didn't belong in the country. 1361 01:02:37.014 --> 01:02:40.234 Having to reconcile that was extremely difficult for them, 1362 01:02:40.365 --> 01:02:42.976 and also keep in mind this wasn't a couple of weeks. 1363 01:02:43.107 --> 01:02:45.326 It was years of engagement. 1364 01:02:45.500 --> 01:02:47.764 ♪ 1365 01:02:47.894 --> 01:02:49.026 TREVOR: From the very beginning, 1366 01:02:49.156 --> 01:02:53.160 you were taught to think a certain way. 1367 01:02:53.291 --> 01:02:55.075 How do you even begin the journey 1368 01:02:55.162 --> 01:02:56.860 of starting to think differently? 1369 01:02:57.034 --> 01:02:59.340 ♪ 1370 01:02:59.427 --> 01:03:01.647 DEREK: Leaving a community and a whole ideology 1371 01:03:01.778 --> 01:03:03.344 that felt very central to my life 1372 01:03:03.475 --> 01:03:05.129 was extremely difficult. 1373 01:03:05.216 --> 01:03:09.089 Condemning it meant condemning everybody who was in my life. 1374 01:03:09.220 --> 01:03:11.396 It was not changing my mind that was so hard. 1375 01:03:11.526 --> 01:03:13.006 It was changing community. 1376 01:03:13.093 --> 01:03:14.703 ♪ 1377 01:03:14.791 --> 01:03:16.270 It was not clear whether there was 1378 01:03:16.401 --> 01:03:18.142 any sort of family relationship 1379 01:03:18.272 --> 01:03:20.579 beyond the ideology for a long time. 1380 01:03:22.799 --> 01:03:24.539 David Duke was committed to the idea 1381 01:03:24.670 --> 01:03:26.237 that it was Stockholm syndrome 1382 01:03:26.367 --> 01:03:30.197 because I had been among lefty, anti-racists for too long. 1383 01:03:30.328 --> 01:03:32.896 I think over time, my family came to recognize 1384 01:03:33.026 --> 01:03:35.594 that I could be the same person 1385 01:03:35.724 --> 01:03:38.945 and have realized how we were wrong. 1386 01:03:39.119 --> 01:03:41.818 ♪ 1387 01:03:41.905 --> 01:03:46.083 I think community is the essential element. 1388 01:03:46.213 --> 01:03:47.606 People don't change their minds 1389 01:03:47.736 --> 01:03:49.826 because you throw facts at them. 1390 01:03:49.956 --> 01:03:51.088 People change their minds 1391 01:03:51.218 --> 01:03:53.481 because their community changes, 1392 01:03:53.568 --> 01:03:57.268 because the people that are important to them change. 1393 01:03:59.400 --> 01:04:01.098 So now not only are you not racist, 1394 01:04:01.228 --> 01:04:03.056 your last name is Black, which... 1395 01:04:03.143 --> 01:04:05.145 - [ laughter ] - Is like an added... 1396 01:04:05.276 --> 01:04:07.060 is like an added part of the story. 1397 01:04:07.147 --> 01:04:09.454 The most satisfying kind of connections are not bonds, 1398 01:04:09.584 --> 01:04:12.892 they're bridges where we find the common story between us, 1399 01:04:13.023 --> 01:04:14.938 despite our differences. 1400 01:04:15.068 --> 01:04:17.288 Bonding can actually lead to in-groups and out-groups. 1401 01:04:17.418 --> 01:04:19.507 The bridging commonalities 1402 01:04:19.638 --> 01:04:23.468 are so much more satisfying on a deep, human level 1403 01:04:23.598 --> 01:04:26.558 and leads to an enduringly good and healthy and strong society. 1404 01:04:26.645 --> 01:04:28.734 [ light music ] 1405 01:04:28.865 --> 01:04:31.563 America is a country where the idea was 1406 01:04:31.693 --> 01:04:33.521 that the national identity, 1407 01:04:33.652 --> 01:04:36.046 the glue that held everybody together, 1408 01:04:36.176 --> 01:04:37.656 was going to be a document. 1409 01:04:37.786 --> 01:04:39.136 It was going to be adherence 1410 01:04:39.266 --> 01:04:41.138 to the principles in the Constitution. 1411 01:04:41.268 --> 01:04:42.922 SMICK: The rights granted by the Constitution 1412 01:04:43.053 --> 01:04:44.402 are unique and precious. 1413 01:04:44.532 --> 01:04:46.795 The rule of law was largely responsible 1414 01:04:46.926 --> 01:04:50.277 for making America the dominant economy in the world. 1415 01:04:50.364 --> 01:04:53.585 Even if the other party takes over, your rights endure-- 1416 01:04:53.715 --> 01:04:56.457 the right of ownership and to express your opinion. 1417 01:04:56.588 --> 01:04:59.808 You can't say that about some other countries. 1418 01:04:59.896 --> 01:05:01.636 What's unique about our Constitution 1419 01:05:01.723 --> 01:05:03.551 is that it basically said 1420 01:05:03.682 --> 01:05:08.208 that this country is open to anyone of any race, 1421 01:05:08.339 --> 01:05:10.994 any background, any ethnicity, any religion 1422 01:05:11.124 --> 01:05:12.778 who was willing to subscribe 1423 01:05:12.909 --> 01:05:14.519 to the principles of the Constitution. 1424 01:05:14.649 --> 01:05:17.739 I am often not happy with my country, 1425 01:05:17.826 --> 01:05:20.481 but I'm happy that we have the ability 1426 01:05:20.612 --> 01:05:23.354 to voice our opinions in this country, 1427 01:05:23.441 --> 01:05:25.791 to assemble in this country. 1428 01:05:25.922 --> 01:05:29.012 SMICK: We desperately need to teach civics in our schools. 1429 01:05:29.099 --> 01:05:31.101 The Constitution doesn't limit our rights. 1430 01:05:31.188 --> 01:05:33.059 It's the reason we have those rights. 1431 01:05:33.190 --> 01:05:35.932 The Constitution protects minority rights in particular. 1432 01:05:36.062 --> 01:05:38.195 It brings reason to the national debate. 1433 01:05:38.325 --> 01:05:39.674 Look around the world 1434 01:05:39.805 --> 01:05:41.850 at countries that rely on emotional will, 1435 01:05:41.981 --> 01:05:44.636 the will of extremist mobs, to make decisions. 1436 01:05:44.766 --> 01:05:46.333 It's pretty ugly. 1437 01:05:46.420 --> 01:05:49.293 And their economies are ugly, too. 1438 01:05:49.423 --> 01:05:50.729 If you're a new immigrant, 1439 01:05:50.859 --> 01:05:52.861 you're required to take a citizenship test. 1440 01:05:52.992 --> 01:05:54.428 That means you have to show 1441 01:05:54.559 --> 01:05:55.952 your understanding of the Constitution 1442 01:05:56.082 --> 01:05:58.432 and our basic form of government. 1443 01:05:58.563 --> 01:06:02.784 Why not have every high-school graduate pass a similar test? 1444 01:06:02.871 --> 01:06:05.918 It could be pass-fail, but it's part of the history curriculum. 1445 01:06:08.181 --> 01:06:09.661 AMY: What I worry about today 1446 01:06:09.748 --> 01:06:13.839 is that you're seeing attack on the Constitution now 1447 01:06:13.926 --> 01:06:16.929 coming from both the left and the right. 1448 01:06:17.016 --> 01:06:21.368 The Constitutional Convention was built on compromise. 1449 01:06:21.499 --> 01:06:24.284 The Constitution was only ratified because of compromise, 1450 01:06:24.415 --> 01:06:27.984 and the framers believed that the reason to slow down deliberation, 1451 01:06:28.114 --> 01:06:30.334 so that people could be guided by reason rather than passion, 1452 01:06:30.464 --> 01:06:33.206 was to allow compromise to prevail. 1453 01:06:33.293 --> 01:06:35.687 [ stirring music ] 1454 01:06:35.817 --> 01:06:37.950 NEWSCASTER: Five hours after the House passes the measure, 1455 01:06:38.081 --> 01:06:40.474 the Civil Rights Act of 1964 1456 01:06:40.605 --> 01:06:43.477 is signed at the White House by President Johnson 1457 01:06:43.608 --> 01:06:46.132 before an audience of legislators and civil rights leaders 1458 01:06:46.263 --> 01:06:48.917 who have labored long and hard for passage of the bill. 1459 01:06:49.048 --> 01:06:51.268 There's warm applause from members of both parties 1460 01:06:51.398 --> 01:06:53.096 as the President sets to work. 1461 01:06:53.226 --> 01:06:55.489 SMICK: There are examples of tremendous efforts 1462 01:06:55.620 --> 01:06:57.056 at bipartisanship. 1463 01:06:57.187 --> 01:07:00.407 In 1983, when Ronald Reagan was president, 1464 01:07:00.538 --> 01:07:03.019 the Social Security system was going broke. 1465 01:07:03.106 --> 01:07:05.238 Everybody said, there's no way 1466 01:07:05.369 --> 01:07:08.067 Republicans and Democrats will get together. 1467 01:07:08.198 --> 01:07:10.461 It's not gonna happen. It happened. 1468 01:07:10.591 --> 01:07:13.072 Take whatever problem you have, 1469 01:07:13.159 --> 01:07:15.727 and Jim Baker you put out to solve it-- 1470 01:07:15.857 --> 01:07:17.729 it got solved. 1471 01:07:17.859 --> 01:07:20.166 JAMES: We were fortunate in 1983 1472 01:07:20.253 --> 01:07:22.299 that we were able to touch the third rail 1473 01:07:22.429 --> 01:07:24.779 of American politics, Social Security, 1474 01:07:24.910 --> 01:07:26.781 and do it on a bipartisan basis 1475 01:07:26.868 --> 01:07:30.394 with two really strongly ideological leaders 1476 01:07:30.524 --> 01:07:32.787 of each party, Tip O'Neill of the Democrats 1477 01:07:32.918 --> 01:07:35.312 and Ronald Reagan of the Republicans. 1478 01:07:35.399 --> 01:07:37.357 Political disagreements-- 1479 01:07:37.488 --> 01:07:39.664 Sure, I said some things about Tip, 1480 01:07:39.794 --> 01:07:41.970 and Tip said some things about me, 1481 01:07:42.058 --> 01:07:44.016 but that's all history. 1482 01:07:44.147 --> 01:07:46.192 And anyway, you know how it is-- 1483 01:07:46.323 --> 01:07:48.760 - I forget. - [ laughter ] 1484 01:07:48.890 --> 01:07:52.546 ALICE: I'm a veteran of the 1990s 1485 01:07:52.677 --> 01:07:56.550 successful effort to balance the budget. 1486 01:07:56.681 --> 01:07:58.944 By golly, we're gonna balance that budget. 1487 01:07:59.031 --> 01:08:02.295 And, Alice Rivlin, did that-- I see skepticism. 1488 01:08:02.426 --> 01:08:04.776 That was a bipartisan effort. 1489 01:08:04.906 --> 01:08:08.345 The first President Bush gets a lot of credit for it. 1490 01:08:08.432 --> 01:08:10.782 Bill Clinton gets a lot of credit for it. 1491 01:08:10.912 --> 01:08:13.393 Newt Gingrich gets a lot of credit. 1492 01:08:13.480 --> 01:08:15.047 RAHM: Gingrich and the Republicans in the House 1493 01:08:15.178 --> 01:08:16.788 have presented pediatric care-- 1494 01:08:16.918 --> 01:08:19.007 no eye and dental-- but outside of Medicaid. 1495 01:08:19.138 --> 01:08:21.706 And Bill Clinton's health care was pediatric, eye, and dental 1496 01:08:21.793 --> 01:08:25.405 by expanding Medicaid into kids whose parents worked. 1497 01:08:25.492 --> 01:08:27.233 We made compromises. 1498 01:08:27.364 --> 01:08:29.409 A lot of people in the Democratic party hated that deal. 1499 01:08:29.540 --> 01:08:30.845 It created the political space 1500 01:08:30.976 --> 01:08:32.586 to get a health-care deal done. 1501 01:08:32.717 --> 01:08:36.373 Purists in the party got-- we sold out. 1502 01:08:36.503 --> 01:08:38.984 On the other hand, today they're defending the package, 1503 01:08:39.071 --> 01:08:42.553 but back then, we were nothing but slime-bag whores. 1504 01:08:42.683 --> 01:08:46.078 Pragmatism should not be a dirty word. 1505 01:08:46.209 --> 01:08:48.646 The responsible center in American politics 1506 01:08:48.776 --> 01:08:50.387 is disappearing. 1507 01:08:50.474 --> 01:08:52.606 That is a real problem, 1508 01:08:52.737 --> 01:08:56.480 because it is from the center that we get things done. 1509 01:08:56.567 --> 01:08:58.830 It is from the center that we govern. 1510 01:08:58.960 --> 01:09:02.399 [ quiet music ] 1511 01:09:02.529 --> 01:09:03.791 There are a lot of ingredients 1512 01:09:03.878 --> 01:09:05.663 that go into a successful economy. 1513 01:09:05.750 --> 01:09:08.970 But one of them is a political system 1514 01:09:09.057 --> 01:09:10.929 that works. 1515 01:09:11.016 --> 01:09:14.672 If you go back and examine the period of Ronald Reagan 1516 01:09:14.802 --> 01:09:16.630 and Bill Clinton, 1517 01:09:16.761 --> 01:09:19.024 those were the years where, when they had no other choice, 1518 01:09:19.111 --> 01:09:22.680 both parties were willing to compromise to get things done. 1519 01:09:22.810 --> 01:09:27.424 The economy grew at 3.8% per year, on average. 1520 01:09:27.554 --> 01:09:29.034 It may be coincidental, 1521 01:09:29.165 --> 01:09:31.645 but compare the years after that 1522 01:09:31.776 --> 01:09:34.474 of George W. Bush and Barack Obama, 1523 01:09:34.605 --> 01:09:36.737 in which compromise seldom happened. 1524 01:09:36.824 --> 01:09:39.436 The economy grew at half that rate-- 1525 01:09:39.523 --> 01:09:42.352 1.88%. 1526 01:09:42.482 --> 01:09:44.397 There are some things 1527 01:09:44.528 --> 01:09:47.879 that have been accomplished constructively 1528 01:09:48.009 --> 01:09:49.794 on a bipartisan basis. 1529 01:09:49.924 --> 01:09:53.624 We're here today to begin debate 1530 01:09:53.754 --> 01:09:55.147 on a piece of legislation 1531 01:09:55.278 --> 01:09:58.977 called the "First Step Act of 2018." 1532 01:09:59.107 --> 01:10:00.935 This happens to be 1533 01:10:01.022 --> 01:10:03.895 the most significant criminal justice reform bill 1534 01:10:04.025 --> 01:10:06.376 in a generation. 1535 01:10:06.506 --> 01:10:10.815 SMICK: The crime bill was an effort to ease up on the 1990 reforms 1536 01:10:10.945 --> 01:10:12.947 that led to the incarceration 1537 01:10:13.078 --> 01:10:16.821 of large segments of America's young, black male population. 1538 01:10:16.951 --> 01:10:18.692 It's called the First Step Act, 1539 01:10:18.823 --> 01:10:22.218 which said black people are incarcerated at higher rates 1540 01:10:22.305 --> 01:10:24.045 than white people for the same crimes. 1541 01:10:24.132 --> 01:10:26.091 They have longer jail sentences. 1542 01:10:26.222 --> 01:10:29.312 People realize that such high rates of incarceration 1543 01:10:29.442 --> 01:10:31.836 weren't keeping a safer society, 1544 01:10:31.923 --> 01:10:36.449 were a moral blight in terms of discrimination, 1545 01:10:36.580 --> 01:10:38.451 and were an enormous economic burden. 1546 01:10:38.582 --> 01:10:39.844 This is not a partisan issue. 1547 01:10:39.974 --> 01:10:41.541 Republicans and Democrats both agree 1548 01:10:41.628 --> 01:10:43.804 that you should not go to prison 1549 01:10:43.935 --> 01:10:46.372 based upon how much money you have. 1550 01:10:46.459 --> 01:10:48.287 The Senate overwhelmingly passed 1551 01:10:48.418 --> 01:10:50.724 a criminal justice reform bill on Tuesday night. 1552 01:10:50.855 --> 01:10:52.248 Right now you're witnessing history 1553 01:10:52.335 --> 01:10:53.510 on the floor of the U.S. Senate. 1554 01:10:53.640 --> 01:10:56.339 It is a Christmas miracle under way. 1555 01:10:56.469 --> 01:10:58.515 NEWSCASTER: The First Step Act, as it is known, 1556 01:10:58.645 --> 01:11:00.778 would change sentencing laws, 1557 01:11:00.865 --> 01:11:03.520 establish more early-release programs, 1558 01:11:03.607 --> 01:11:07.001 and expand job training meant to reduce recidivism. 1559 01:11:07.132 --> 01:11:10.135 CHUCK: None of us expected an 87 to 12 vote. 1560 01:11:10.266 --> 01:11:12.050 When people trust each other, 1561 01:11:12.180 --> 01:11:16.184 you can sit down and, uh, get legislation, uh, 1562 01:11:16.315 --> 01:11:18.186 that's good for the country. 1563 01:11:18.317 --> 01:11:19.753 The net result of it last night 1564 01:11:19.840 --> 01:11:22.321 is nothing short of an historic vote. 1565 01:11:22.452 --> 01:11:24.715 Although it was a difficult negotiation session, 1566 01:11:24.845 --> 01:11:27.326 what we came out with in the end was a good bill. 1567 01:11:27.457 --> 01:11:29.720 And in many ways, it was made better by the fact 1568 01:11:29.850 --> 01:11:31.461 that we had reached out to someone 1569 01:11:31.591 --> 01:11:33.680 who initially didn't share our view at all. 1570 01:11:33.811 --> 01:11:35.334 You've got literally 1571 01:11:35.465 --> 01:11:37.162 the National Association of Manufacturers, 1572 01:11:37.293 --> 01:11:39.643 Fox News, and Sean Hannity on the same page 1573 01:11:39.773 --> 01:11:44.169 with Nancy Pelosi, Cory Booker, the ACLU, cut50. 1574 01:11:44.300 --> 01:11:46.519 Something beautiful is happening. 1575 01:11:46.650 --> 01:11:50.828 It was the product of a long period 1576 01:11:50.958 --> 01:11:54.353 of discussion, deliberation, and negotiation 1577 01:11:54.440 --> 01:11:56.312 involving both political parties. 1578 01:11:56.442 --> 01:11:59.837 LARRY: We've got to elect leaders who are committed 1579 01:11:59.924 --> 01:12:03.884 to look at evidence, analyze, debate, 1580 01:12:04.015 --> 01:12:06.757 and ultimately compromise. 1581 01:12:06.887 --> 01:12:09.107 Why can't every day on Capitol Hill be Christmas? 1582 01:12:12.023 --> 01:12:14.895 The answer is that to compromise, 1583 01:12:15.026 --> 01:12:16.375 you have to give up something. 1584 01:12:16.506 --> 01:12:18.551 Too many people are afraid of compromise 1585 01:12:18.682 --> 01:12:20.684 'cause they feel that the other side 1586 01:12:20.814 --> 01:12:22.250 is not willing to give up anything, 1587 01:12:22.381 --> 01:12:24.296 so they're going to be looked at as the sucker. 1588 01:12:26.254 --> 01:12:27.691 So how do we get out of this? 1589 01:12:27.821 --> 01:12:29.823 We need to champion the politicians 1590 01:12:29.954 --> 01:12:32.391 who are willing to come together 1591 01:12:32.522 --> 01:12:34.654 and reach bipartisan solutions. 1592 01:12:36.047 --> 01:12:38.223 The House will be in order. 1593 01:12:38.354 --> 01:12:40.704 SMICK: There is a myth that nothing can pass Congress. 1594 01:12:40.791 --> 01:12:43.794 Yet there are a number of proposals that would pass 1595 01:12:43.924 --> 01:12:46.405 if simply put to a vote. 1596 01:12:46.536 --> 01:12:50.104 When you basically consign the bottom 25% of society 1597 01:12:50.235 --> 01:12:52.411 to substandard schools 1598 01:12:52.542 --> 01:12:55.936 and to earning less than their marginal value product 1599 01:12:56.067 --> 01:12:58.461 and to being on, basically, public assistance, 1600 01:12:58.591 --> 01:12:59.853 you've said, "We don't need them." 1601 01:12:59.940 --> 01:13:01.681 Well, we do need them. 1602 01:13:01.812 --> 01:13:05.293 You need every oar in the water in the modern world economy. 1603 01:13:07.339 --> 01:13:08.819 SMICK: You know, sometimes higher paying jobs 1604 01:13:08.949 --> 01:13:10.298 are in one part of the country 1605 01:13:10.386 --> 01:13:13.258 and the potential employees in another. 1606 01:13:13.345 --> 01:13:15.347 So why not provide federal vouchers 1607 01:13:15.478 --> 01:13:18.306 for average working families to help with the moving expenses 1608 01:13:18.437 --> 01:13:21.571 so they can take these jobs? 1609 01:13:21.701 --> 01:13:23.964 Let's have Wall Street private equity firms 1610 01:13:24.095 --> 01:13:26.750 give up their absurd carried interest tax break 1611 01:13:26.880 --> 01:13:29.100 and then use that extra revenue 1612 01:13:29.187 --> 01:13:30.754 to really build up the middle class 1613 01:13:30.884 --> 01:13:33.670 by expanding a provision in the tax code 1614 01:13:33.757 --> 01:13:35.715 called the Earned Income Credit. 1615 01:13:35.802 --> 01:13:38.675 ♪ 1616 01:13:38.762 --> 01:13:41.939 The first step to reforming capitalism is quite simple-- 1617 01:13:42.026 --> 01:13:44.420 make a lot more average folk capitalists. 1618 01:13:44.507 --> 01:13:46.857 [ babies crying ] 1619 01:13:46.944 --> 01:13:49.120 Let's make every child at birth a capitalist. 1620 01:13:49.207 --> 01:13:52.253 Set up an investment account and a stock index fund 1621 01:13:52.384 --> 01:13:54.865 with a $5,000 low-interest-rate loan. 1622 01:13:54.952 --> 01:13:57.389 Not a handout--a loan. 1623 01:13:57.520 --> 01:13:59.957 And then as they get older, let them add to the account 1624 01:14:00.044 --> 01:14:01.915 and use some of it for education. 1625 01:14:02.046 --> 01:14:04.004 Pay it back in 50 to 60 years. 1626 01:14:04.135 --> 01:14:05.745 By then, that account could easily reach 1627 01:14:05.876 --> 01:14:07.878 half a million dollars or more. 1628 01:14:08.008 --> 01:14:09.662 Let these kids experience 1629 01:14:09.793 --> 01:14:12.056 the same miracle of financial compounding 1630 01:14:12.186 --> 01:14:13.927 that made Warren Buffett rich. 1631 01:14:14.058 --> 01:14:18.323 I admit it--I have a bias in favor of startups. 1632 01:14:18.410 --> 01:14:21.935 They are essential to raising the level of social mobility. 1633 01:14:22.066 --> 01:14:25.112 Companies are incubators for new ideas. 1634 01:14:25.243 --> 01:14:27.245 It's a continuous series of reinvention 1635 01:14:27.332 --> 01:14:29.116 based on innovation. 1636 01:14:29.247 --> 01:14:31.249 That's the nature of a dynamic economy. 1637 01:14:31.379 --> 01:14:34.339 That's the economy that produces opportunity. 1638 01:14:34.470 --> 01:14:37.255 Startups are also the great equalizer. 1639 01:14:37.342 --> 01:14:39.649 I mean, women today are at the forefront 1640 01:14:39.779 --> 01:14:42.129 in reinventing the American economy. 1641 01:14:42.260 --> 01:14:44.915 I love startups for one other reason: 1642 01:14:45.002 --> 01:14:47.178 they start up in America. 1643 01:14:47.308 --> 01:14:49.485 Multinational corporations create jobs, 1644 01:14:49.615 --> 01:14:51.791 but a lot of them are overseas. 1645 01:14:51.922 --> 01:14:53.967 When the person starts a company, 1646 01:14:54.098 --> 01:14:56.753 it's less a matter of the head than it is of the heart, 1647 01:14:56.883 --> 01:14:58.972 because the head would tell you it's too risky. 1648 01:14:59.059 --> 01:15:02.628 But the heart says, "I have this desire to create. 1649 01:15:02.759 --> 01:15:04.369 "I have an idea. 1650 01:15:04.456 --> 01:15:07.720 I will risk everything to have this business succeed." 1651 01:15:07.851 --> 01:15:10.375 That's what free market capitalism is all about. 1652 01:15:10.506 --> 01:15:13.334 We cannot have a corporate sector 1653 01:15:13.421 --> 01:15:17.295 with huge political connections shut down this process. 1654 01:15:17.425 --> 01:15:21.342 There needs to be a huge moral element to capitalism. 1655 01:15:21.473 --> 01:15:23.562 Capitalism was originally designed 1656 01:15:23.649 --> 01:15:27.523 for the betterment of mankind using the competitive process. 1657 01:15:29.350 --> 01:15:32.440 It was not, get yours and forget everybody else. 1658 01:15:32.571 --> 01:15:34.268 It's mine, you understand? Mine. 1659 01:15:34.399 --> 01:15:35.835 All mine! Get back in there! 1660 01:15:35.966 --> 01:15:38.359 Down, down, down, go, go, go, mine, mine, mine! 1661 01:15:38.490 --> 01:15:40.187 [ chortling ] 1662 01:15:42.015 --> 01:15:44.235 In America, attacking billionaires has become 1663 01:15:44.365 --> 01:15:47.151 the new national pastime, and with good reason. 1664 01:15:47.238 --> 01:15:51.895 I know some billionaires who are incredibly greedy bastards. 1665 01:15:52.025 --> 01:15:55.551 MAN: Go back to Davos with the other billionaire elite 1666 01:15:55.681 --> 01:15:58.466 who think they know how to run the world! 1667 01:15:58.597 --> 01:16:01.687 - That's not what democracy means! - [ crowd booing ] 1668 01:16:02.732 --> 01:16:04.472 SMICK: But other contributions to society-- 1669 01:16:04.603 --> 01:16:05.952 using their wealth 1670 01:16:06.083 --> 01:16:08.738 to eradicate entire diseases worldwide. 1671 01:16:08.868 --> 01:16:12.568 Inequality is a problem that desperately needs to be addressed, 1672 01:16:12.698 --> 01:16:14.613 but it's important that our politicians 1673 01:16:14.744 --> 01:16:16.833 don't demonize success. 1674 01:16:16.963 --> 01:16:18.791 It takes a lot of nerve to start a company. 1675 01:16:18.878 --> 01:16:20.924 It takes incredible talent 1676 01:16:21.054 --> 01:16:23.579 to make it a world-class success and jobs producer. 1677 01:16:25.406 --> 01:16:27.365 It's easy to see wildly successful people 1678 01:16:27.495 --> 01:16:30.107 and think they're superheroes with special powers. 1679 01:16:30.194 --> 01:16:33.632 They're just people with extraordinary visions. 1680 01:16:33.763 --> 01:16:36.330 Plus, they have the nerve and the courage 1681 01:16:36.461 --> 01:16:38.419 to actualize those visions. 1682 01:16:38.550 --> 01:16:42.598 KEN: I sleep so well at night, in spite of the fact 1683 01:16:42.685 --> 01:16:45.078 that I became very financially successful. 1684 01:16:45.209 --> 01:16:47.994 NEWSCASTER: Business icon Ken Langone 1685 01:16:48.125 --> 01:16:49.692 is onForbes Magazine's 1686 01:16:49.779 --> 01:16:51.563 list of the richest people in the world. 1687 01:16:51.694 --> 01:16:53.957 NEWSCASTER 2: Ken Langone is a legend on Wall Street 1688 01:16:54.087 --> 01:16:56.176 and throughout the business community. 1689 01:16:56.307 --> 01:16:59.876 LESLEY: Ken Langone made his fortune as a cofounder of Home Depot. 1690 01:17:00.006 --> 01:17:02.052 WOMAN: Who better to discuss 1691 01:17:02.182 --> 01:17:06.709 if the American dream is alive and well than Ken Langone? 1692 01:17:06.839 --> 01:17:09.973 KEN: I was born to a wonderful family, a loving family. 1693 01:17:10.060 --> 01:17:12.932 My father was a plumber, and he went to the eighth grade. 1694 01:17:13.063 --> 01:17:14.325 My mother worked in a school cafeteria, 1695 01:17:14.455 --> 01:17:15.718 and she went to the seventh grade. 1696 01:17:15.848 --> 01:17:18.285 Great values, great example, 1697 01:17:18.416 --> 01:17:21.071 great work ethic, 1698 01:17:21.201 --> 01:17:23.334 but always struggled financially. 1699 01:17:23.464 --> 01:17:26.076 I wake up every morning with a fear of going broke. 1700 01:17:27.904 --> 01:17:31.298 Don't ask me why. It's totally irrational. 1701 01:17:31.429 --> 01:17:33.344 But it's there. 1702 01:17:33.474 --> 01:17:36.216 [ quiet music ] 1703 01:17:36.347 --> 01:17:39.742 I had a burning desire to not be poor. 1704 01:17:41.395 --> 01:17:43.876 I liked to work. I enjoyed working. 1705 01:17:43.963 --> 01:17:45.791 ♪ 1706 01:17:45.922 --> 01:17:48.446 I worked in construction, 1707 01:17:48.533 --> 01:17:50.970 delivered newspapers, 1708 01:17:51.101 --> 01:17:54.104 collected cardboard, worked at a butcher shop. 1709 01:17:54.234 --> 01:17:57.020 I sold beer, I dug ditches, caddied, 1710 01:17:57.107 --> 01:17:59.152 I gave out cigarettes for R.J. Reynolds, 1711 01:17:59.283 --> 01:18:01.546 sold Christmas wreaths, sold neckties. 1712 01:18:01.677 --> 01:18:04.201 As long as I could see a way to sell something 1713 01:18:04.331 --> 01:18:07.291 for more than I paid for it-- that was me. 1714 01:18:07.465 --> 01:18:09.728 ♪ 1715 01:18:09.859 --> 01:18:11.904 There's no sin in getting rich, 1716 01:18:12.035 --> 01:18:15.038 as long as getting rich is not the only objective. 1717 01:18:15.168 --> 01:18:17.954 We've created over a half a million jobs right now, 1718 01:18:18.084 --> 01:18:21.697 working, health-care benefits, feeding their kids, 1719 01:18:21.827 --> 01:18:24.003 paying their mortgages, from four of us, 1720 01:18:24.134 --> 01:18:27.311 four guys with an idea and no money. 1721 01:18:27.441 --> 01:18:31.576 There are people in the world 1722 01:18:31.663 --> 01:18:34.971 who understand 1723 01:18:35.101 --> 01:18:37.495 that the more you give away, the more you have. 1724 01:18:37.582 --> 01:18:39.932 I went to NYU for medical school, 1725 01:18:40.063 --> 01:18:42.892 and NYU just received an endowment 1726 01:18:43.022 --> 01:18:46.199 from the guy who owns Home Depot. 1727 01:18:46.330 --> 01:18:48.854 LESLEY: Going to medical school today takes a willingness 1728 01:18:48.985 --> 01:18:51.552 to incur a crushing amount of debt. 1729 01:18:51.683 --> 01:18:53.990 But now one of the country's top schools 1730 01:18:54.077 --> 01:18:56.993 has come up with a radical solution. 1731 01:18:57.123 --> 01:18:59.822 Ken Langone, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, 1732 01:18:59.952 --> 01:19:04.000 and his wife, Elaine, let everyone in on a secret. 1733 01:19:04.087 --> 01:19:08.787 As of this very moment, the NYU School of Medicine 1734 01:19:08.918 --> 01:19:11.094 is now a tuition-free medical school-- 1735 01:19:11.224 --> 01:19:13.139 [ cheers applause ] 1736 01:19:13.270 --> 01:19:15.315 Oh, my God! 1737 01:19:15.446 --> 01:19:17.491 [ uplifting music ] 1738 01:19:17.578 --> 01:19:20.494 That day... 1739 01:19:20.625 --> 01:19:23.889 was without question... 1740 01:19:24.020 --> 01:19:27.414 where I felt the most satisfaction... 1741 01:19:27.545 --> 01:19:29.677 for my success. 1742 01:19:29.808 --> 01:19:32.463 These kids went nuts! 1743 01:19:32.593 --> 01:19:34.117 And one father yells out, 1744 01:19:34.247 --> 01:19:35.771 "I told you you picked the right place!" 1745 01:19:35.901 --> 01:19:37.511 [ chuckles ] 1746 01:19:37.642 --> 01:19:40.906 It all of a sudden gave a meaning to what I'd done 1747 01:19:41.037 --> 01:19:44.867 far beyond what I thought I had done to that point. 1748 01:19:44.954 --> 01:19:48.087 But you can never take away from me this moment 1749 01:19:48.218 --> 01:19:50.263 where I'm looking at 100 kids in the eye, 1750 01:19:50.350 --> 01:19:51.743 and they know they're going to be relieved 1751 01:19:51.874 --> 01:19:55.921 the burden of $200,000, average, each, in their life. 1752 01:19:56.052 --> 01:19:58.184 Gone. Over. 1753 01:19:58.315 --> 01:19:59.969 More than half the kids in our medical school, 1754 01:20:00.099 --> 01:20:02.362 this new class, are females. 1755 01:20:02.536 --> 01:20:04.234 ♪ 1756 01:20:04.364 --> 01:20:07.628 There was a redemption in the effort. 1757 01:20:07.759 --> 01:20:10.588 [ stirring music ] 1758 01:20:10.762 --> 01:20:12.851 ♪ 1759 01:20:12.982 --> 01:20:14.984 SMICK: Capitalism needs to be measured 1760 01:20:15.114 --> 01:20:19.249 not just by the bottom line, but by the people it serves. 1761 01:20:19.379 --> 01:20:21.904 I mean, it's really the good shepherd model. 1762 01:20:21.991 --> 01:20:23.819 We must all move ahead. 1763 01:20:23.949 --> 01:20:26.517 But we can't afford to leave anyone behind. 1764 01:20:26.647 --> 01:20:30.564 I think we need a return to the idea of government 1765 01:20:30.651 --> 01:20:33.654 as a protector of the middle class. 1766 01:20:33.785 --> 01:20:37.267 I think we need a recognition on the part of business leaders 1767 01:20:37.354 --> 01:20:40.836 that they have shareholders but they also have stakeholders. 1768 01:20:40.966 --> 01:20:42.750 And the values of their stakeholders 1769 01:20:42.881 --> 01:20:46.711 count in terms of how they treat their workers. 1770 01:20:46.842 --> 01:20:48.452 You know, Americans, 1771 01:20:48.582 --> 01:20:50.933 they don't want to hate each other. 1772 01:20:51.020 --> 01:20:54.284 This whole populist, tribal, 1773 01:20:54.414 --> 01:20:57.722 dogmatic, lockdown, 1774 01:20:57.853 --> 01:21:01.421 contemptuous set of politics-- that's a crummy product. 1775 01:21:01.508 --> 01:21:03.510 You know what I love about Democratic capitalism? 1776 01:21:03.641 --> 01:21:06.122 We won't put up with a crummy product forever. 1777 01:21:06.252 --> 01:21:10.735 KATHERINE: Any other industry where you had consumer dissatisfaction 1778 01:21:10.866 --> 01:21:13.303 at the 80%, 90% levels, 1779 01:21:13.433 --> 01:21:16.567 you would see an entrepreneur 1780 01:21:16.697 --> 01:21:18.699 who would come in with a new product 1781 01:21:18.830 --> 01:21:22.007 designed to serve dissatisfied customers. 1782 01:21:22.094 --> 01:21:24.705 So the question is, why don't we see that in politics? 1783 01:21:27.230 --> 01:21:29.014 I think there are actually some structural reasons 1784 01:21:29.145 --> 01:21:31.364 for the polarization in Washington 1785 01:21:31.451 --> 01:21:32.713 that you could actually fix. 1786 01:21:32.844 --> 01:21:34.367 So one of the big problems 1787 01:21:34.498 --> 01:21:37.240 is simply a "first past the post" electoral system. 1788 01:21:37.370 --> 01:21:40.330 American voter turnout, overall, is low. 1789 01:21:40.460 --> 01:21:42.375 In a primary, it's super low. 1790 01:21:42.506 --> 01:21:44.508 The only people that vote in primaries 1791 01:21:44.638 --> 01:21:46.858 are almost always more extreme 1792 01:21:46.989 --> 01:21:48.686 than the average voter in the party. 1793 01:21:48.860 --> 01:21:51.167 ♪ 1794 01:21:51.297 --> 01:21:53.778 Partisan primaries forces candidates 1795 01:21:53.909 --> 01:21:55.301 to go right and left. 1796 01:21:55.432 --> 01:21:57.608 Someone's elected, they go to Congress, 1797 01:21:57.738 --> 01:21:58.914 they're presented with an opportunity 1798 01:21:59.001 --> 01:22:00.828 to solve a huge national issue 1799 01:22:00.959 --> 01:22:04.832 with a bipartisan compromise on immigration or health care, 1800 01:22:04.963 --> 01:22:06.834 and they have to vote no because they don't think 1801 01:22:06.965 --> 01:22:08.532 they can get re-elected through their partisan primary 1802 01:22:08.662 --> 01:22:09.794 if they vote for it. 1803 01:22:09.925 --> 01:22:11.317 So here's what we need to do-- 1804 01:22:11.448 --> 01:22:13.667 eliminate partisan primaries. 1805 01:22:13.798 --> 01:22:15.495 When a voter goes to the polls, 1806 01:22:15.626 --> 01:22:17.149 there's just one ballot, 1807 01:22:17.280 --> 01:22:19.195 be they Democrats, Republicans, Independents, 1808 01:22:19.325 --> 01:22:21.675 and the top four vote-getters 1809 01:22:21.806 --> 01:22:23.982 advance to the general election. 1810 01:22:24.069 --> 01:22:28.204 Now, same piece of legislation, same legislator. 1811 01:22:28.291 --> 01:22:30.902 This is an outstanding bill for the country, 1812 01:22:30.989 --> 01:22:33.426 so now I won't get kicked out in my primary. 1813 01:22:33.557 --> 01:22:37.953 My vote can finally be yes on bipartisan compromise, 1814 01:22:38.040 --> 01:22:41.304 in opposition to the kind of gridlock that we see today. 1815 01:22:41.391 --> 01:22:42.653 KATY: The state of Maine 1816 01:22:42.783 --> 01:22:45.047 made history during the 2018 mid-term elections. 1817 01:22:45.134 --> 01:22:48.180 It is the first state to use a ranked-choice ballot 1818 01:22:48.311 --> 01:22:49.834 to select members 1819 01:22:49.965 --> 01:22:52.228 of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. 1820 01:22:52.358 --> 01:22:54.230 NEWSCASTER: Proponents say it leads to fewer attack ads 1821 01:22:54.360 --> 01:22:56.362 and more voter voices. 1822 01:22:56.493 --> 01:22:58.190 FRANCIS: Rank-choice voting permit third parties 1823 01:22:58.321 --> 01:22:59.713 to run more easily. 1824 01:22:59.844 --> 01:23:01.454 Actually creates an incentive 1825 01:23:01.585 --> 01:23:04.501 for politicians to cooperate with one another. 1826 01:23:04.631 --> 01:23:05.806 In rank-choice voting, 1827 01:23:05.937 --> 01:23:08.157 you have to win with a true majority. 1828 01:23:08.287 --> 01:23:11.551 So let's say that you had four candidates on the ballot. 1829 01:23:11.638 --> 01:23:14.902 When you go into the voting booth, you pick your favorite. 1830 01:23:14.990 --> 01:23:17.775 But then you also pick second choice, 1831 01:23:17.862 --> 01:23:20.125 third choice, fourth choice. 1832 01:23:20.256 --> 01:23:24.042 Then the polls close, and the first place votes are counted. 1833 01:23:24.173 --> 01:23:26.914 If someone has a true majority, over 50%, 1834 01:23:27.045 --> 01:23:28.829 the elect's over, there's a winner. 1835 01:23:28.916 --> 01:23:31.354 But if nobody has the support 1836 01:23:31.484 --> 01:23:33.660 of a majority of the electorate, 1837 01:23:33.791 --> 01:23:36.750 then the candidate who came in last is eliminated, 1838 01:23:36.881 --> 01:23:39.231 and voters who had selected that candidate 1839 01:23:39.362 --> 01:23:43.061 now have their second choice votes counted instead. 1840 01:23:43.192 --> 01:23:46.021 And that process of elimination continues 1841 01:23:46.151 --> 01:23:48.545 until you have a true majority winner. 1842 01:23:48.675 --> 01:23:51.548 This always results in the election of the candidate 1843 01:23:51.635 --> 01:23:56.292 with the broadest appeal to the most number of voters. 1844 01:23:56.422 --> 01:23:59.382 But that requires two thirds of the country-- 1845 01:23:59.512 --> 01:24:01.253 what I call the "common sense middle"-- 1846 01:24:01.384 --> 01:24:04.474 to have the same knowledge about all the candidates 1847 01:24:04.561 --> 01:24:06.606 that those on the extremes do. 1848 01:24:06.693 --> 01:24:10.088 If our two political parties have a better idea for reform, 1849 01:24:10.175 --> 01:24:12.003 put up or shut up. 1850 01:24:12.134 --> 01:24:15.311 But the status quo of division and stalemate is unacceptable. 1851 01:24:15.398 --> 01:24:16.703 It's getting late. 1852 01:24:16.834 --> 01:24:19.271 Americans are becoming suspicious 1853 01:24:19.402 --> 01:24:21.143 of the partisan swindle. 1854 01:24:21.273 --> 01:24:24.059 They now know what's going on. They're tired of the spin. 1855 01:24:24.146 --> 01:24:26.713 They're desperate for truth. 1856 01:24:26.844 --> 01:24:28.019 STAN: We've got a lot of divisions, 1857 01:24:28.150 --> 01:24:30.674 but probably a more likely scenario 1858 01:24:30.804 --> 01:24:34.330 would be a new party from the center. 1859 01:24:34.460 --> 01:24:38.073 I have to believe they're 60% to 70% of the country. 1860 01:24:38.203 --> 01:24:40.118 I don't know why it hasn't happened yet. 1861 01:24:40.249 --> 01:24:42.555 We've seen in some of the other countries, 1862 01:24:42.686 --> 01:24:44.166 these things just evolve. 1863 01:24:44.296 --> 01:24:46.690 And I wouldn't be shocked to see it here. 1864 01:24:48.561 --> 01:24:50.868 If you want to feel encouraged in America today, 1865 01:24:50.998 --> 01:24:52.348 look at cities and states. 1866 01:24:52.478 --> 01:24:55.133 We're seeing less polarization in the legislatures, 1867 01:24:55.264 --> 01:24:57.527 more cross-partisan compromise. 1868 01:24:59.398 --> 01:25:00.791 LIZA: What happened with gay rights? 1869 01:25:00.921 --> 01:25:04.621 State by state by state started passing legislation 1870 01:25:04.751 --> 01:25:06.188 for gay rights. 1871 01:25:06.275 --> 01:25:07.711 It happens on the local level. 1872 01:25:07.841 --> 01:25:09.887 [ uplifting music ] 1873 01:25:10.017 --> 01:25:11.802 I believe in the American people. 1874 01:25:11.889 --> 01:25:13.325 ♪ 1875 01:25:13.456 --> 01:25:15.066 We all have our politics. 1876 01:25:15.197 --> 01:25:17.982 We all have our hates and our fears, but deep down, 1877 01:25:18.113 --> 01:25:22.160 there is a love of country that I think prevails. 1878 01:25:24.423 --> 01:25:26.730 SMICK: You've been through an horrendous experience 1879 01:25:26.860 --> 01:25:29.167 that is, no doubt, life-changing. 1880 01:25:29.254 --> 01:25:32.997 If America's political leaders were in this room, 1881 01:25:33.128 --> 01:25:35.130 what would you tell them? 1882 01:25:35.217 --> 01:25:38.089 After the attack, 1883 01:25:38.220 --> 01:25:41.919 I saw my members huddled in horror. 1884 01:25:42.049 --> 01:25:43.834 I grabbed a chair, and I stood up, 1885 01:25:43.964 --> 01:25:47.054 and I saw these downtrodden, horror-stricken members 1886 01:25:47.142 --> 01:25:48.578 of our congregation. 1887 01:25:48.708 --> 01:25:50.188 What do I tell them? 1888 01:25:50.319 --> 01:25:52.930 And I gave them the strength to know, 1889 01:25:53.017 --> 01:25:56.542 "Let this not consume us. Let is not swallow us up. 1890 01:25:56.673 --> 01:25:57.891 We're going to rise up." 1891 01:25:57.978 --> 01:25:59.589 You know what happened? 1892 01:25:59.719 --> 01:26:02.766 Every single member that was there did not go home. 1893 01:26:02.896 --> 01:26:05.856 They continued the service. 1894 01:26:05.943 --> 01:26:08.859 We were not shut down for a moment. 1895 01:26:10.339 --> 01:26:11.731 These members, 1896 01:26:11.862 --> 01:26:13.646 who had all the right to run away from there, 1897 01:26:13.777 --> 01:26:16.693 run home into their beds, and cry their hearts out, 1898 01:26:16.823 --> 01:26:18.390 they did not. 1899 01:26:18.521 --> 01:26:21.654 [ voice breaking ] They made sure the services continued. 1900 01:26:21.785 --> 01:26:24.657 That's what our leaders need to do. 1901 01:26:24.744 --> 01:26:28.357 You need to empower it with rhetoric of positivity, 1902 01:26:28.444 --> 01:26:31.708 of kindness, generosity, and love. 1903 01:26:31.795 --> 01:26:34.798 That's what will make the difference to change. 1904 01:26:34.928 --> 01:26:36.887 We are all the same. 1905 01:26:36.974 --> 01:26:38.758 We're all God's children. 1906 01:26:38.889 --> 01:26:40.456 I'm living on borrowed time. 1907 01:26:40.586 --> 01:26:43.589 Every breath is a gift. 1908 01:26:43.720 --> 01:26:45.765 Ask yourself-- 1909 01:26:45.896 --> 01:26:48.333 God has given me another day. 1910 01:26:48.420 --> 01:26:50.466 Am I going to use this day 1911 01:26:50.596 --> 01:26:54.600 to spread negativism or positivism? 1912 01:26:54.731 --> 01:26:56.950 Let us demonstrate 1913 01:26:57.081 --> 01:26:59.779 that we love peace more than hatred. 1914 01:26:59.910 --> 01:27:01.738 - WOMAN: That's wonderful. - I'm getting there. 1915 01:27:01.825 --> 01:27:03.609 [ laughter ] 1916 01:27:03.696 --> 01:27:06.699 The key to our time 1917 01:27:06.830 --> 01:27:09.441 is the complacency that set in 1918 01:27:09.572 --> 01:27:12.227 after the Cold War ended 1919 01:27:12.357 --> 01:27:14.925 and then after the Iraq War failed. 1920 01:27:15.012 --> 01:27:18.668 We're still in one of those moments of self-absorption. 1921 01:27:18.798 --> 01:27:20.931 We want the rest of the world to just go away. 1922 01:27:21.061 --> 01:27:22.802 Please leave us alone. 1923 01:27:22.933 --> 01:27:25.675 We're trying to have an argument on Twitter here. 1924 01:27:25.805 --> 01:27:27.894 And at some point, that illusion 1925 01:27:28.025 --> 01:27:30.941 that we can be alone will be shattered. 1926 01:27:31.028 --> 01:27:32.464 The lesson of American history 1927 01:27:32.595 --> 01:27:36.207 is that it usually takes a major humiliation 1928 01:27:36.338 --> 01:27:38.601 to alert us to the peril that we're in. 1929 01:27:38.688 --> 01:27:41.908 [ siren wailing ] 1930 01:27:42.039 --> 01:27:44.041 [ somber music ] 1931 01:27:44.215 --> 01:27:45.521 ♪ 1932 01:27:45.608 --> 01:27:49.046 We are transitioning to some dangerous times. 1933 01:27:49.176 --> 01:27:51.135 We live in a world that is curved. 1934 01:27:51.266 --> 01:27:53.746 That is, we can't see all the risks, 1935 01:27:53.877 --> 01:27:55.879 but they're just over the horizon. 1936 01:27:57.794 --> 01:28:02.059 Things we thought could never happen are happening now. 1937 01:28:02.233 --> 01:28:04.844 ♪ 1938 01:28:04.975 --> 01:28:06.933 [ train whistle blows ] 1939 01:28:07.064 --> 01:28:09.109 The horrific George Floyd murder 1940 01:28:09.240 --> 01:28:10.981 taught us that chasing the devil of racism 1941 01:28:11.111 --> 01:28:13.723 is never ending, 1942 01:28:13.853 --> 01:28:15.812 but the dark forces of division in America 1943 01:28:15.942 --> 01:28:17.857 must be defeated. 1944 01:28:17.988 --> 01:28:20.817 Democracy's on the run. 1945 01:28:20.947 --> 01:28:22.601 So, if ever there was a time for unity 1946 01:28:22.688 --> 01:28:24.908 and, to be frank, some humility, 1947 01:28:25.038 --> 01:28:26.997 the time is now. 1948 01:28:27.084 --> 01:28:28.912 When we're dancing with the angels, 1949 01:28:29.042 --> 01:28:30.827 the question will be asked, 1950 01:28:30.957 --> 01:28:33.308 what did we do... 1951 01:28:33.395 --> 01:28:38.356 to make sure we kept our democracy intact? 1952 01:28:38.487 --> 01:28:41.664 The first rule of holes is to stop digging. 1953 01:28:41.794 --> 01:28:46.408 We've got to make a market economy work for everyone. 1954 01:28:46.538 --> 01:28:47.626 Good evening, everyone. 1955 01:28:47.713 --> 01:28:49.193 Americans getting the reality check 1956 01:28:49.324 --> 01:28:50.716 of where we are tonight. 1957 01:28:50.847 --> 01:28:52.370 REPORTER: With infection spreading fast... 1958 01:28:52.501 --> 01:28:53.937 REPORTER 2: Jobless claims are surging 1959 01:28:54.067 --> 01:28:55.852 REPORTER 3: A pitched battle to keep patients alive. 1960 01:28:55.982 --> 01:28:59.203 [ reporters talking over each other ] 1961 01:28:59.334 --> 01:29:03.076 SMICK: The coronavirus crisis has taught us many things-- 1962 01:29:03.207 --> 01:29:06.732 to protect our future, to stop the hate, 1963 01:29:06.863 --> 01:29:09.735 to respect our scientists and inventors, 1964 01:29:09.866 --> 01:29:11.563 to bring together the best 1965 01:29:11.694 --> 01:29:13.739 of the public and private sectors, 1966 01:29:13.826 --> 01:29:15.262 to stand up for the little guy. 1967 01:29:15.393 --> 01:29:18.614 And last but not least, to remind ourselves every day 1968 01:29:18.701 --> 01:29:21.094 that an America at war with itself 1969 01:29:21.225 --> 01:29:22.792 is an America doomed. 1970 01:29:22.922 --> 01:29:26.970 [ dramatic music ] 1971 01:29:27.100 --> 01:29:28.972 LEON: As Secretary of Defense, 1972 01:29:29.102 --> 01:29:32.410 I used to look at these young men and women in uniform, 1973 01:29:32.541 --> 01:29:33.933 look in their eyes, 1974 01:29:34.064 --> 01:29:35.674 and I would say to myself, 1975 01:29:35.805 --> 01:29:38.155 "These are people who are willing 1976 01:29:38.285 --> 01:29:39.852 "to put their lives on the line 1977 01:29:39.983 --> 01:29:42.899 and fight and die for their country." 1978 01:29:43.029 --> 01:29:44.857 [ light music ] 1979 01:29:44.944 --> 01:29:47.469 And if there are young people that are willing to fight 1980 01:29:47.556 --> 01:29:49.906 and die for their country, 1981 01:29:50.036 --> 01:29:53.910 it's not too much to ask political leaders 1982 01:29:54.040 --> 01:29:56.695 to maybe take a few risks 1983 01:29:56.826 --> 01:29:59.394 in order to govern this country. 1984 01:29:59.524 --> 01:30:01.352 You know, John F. Kennedy once said, 1985 01:30:01.483 --> 01:30:04.268 "Let's not seek the Democratic answer or the Republican answer, 1986 01:30:04.399 --> 01:30:06.357 but the right answer." 1987 01:30:06.488 --> 01:30:09.665 You've got to be willing to listen to the other side. 1988 01:30:09.752 --> 01:30:12.058 Any issue-- somebody tries to find it, 1989 01:30:12.189 --> 01:30:14.452 where it sits on the ideological plane. 1990 01:30:14.539 --> 01:30:16.062 My view is, does it move you forward, 1991 01:30:16.193 --> 01:30:17.629 or does it move you backwards? 1992 01:30:17.760 --> 01:30:19.196 And that's a different way to look at things. 1993 01:30:19.370 --> 01:30:22.112 ♪ 1994 01:30:22.242 --> 01:30:25.724 We have to come together as a country by breaking the habit of contempt. 1995 01:30:25.855 --> 01:30:29.467 And the only way that you break the habit of contempt is with love. 1996 01:30:29.598 --> 01:30:34.472 Why do people say no to ending racism? 1997 01:30:34.603 --> 01:30:38.345 A lot of people want to get to the finish line 1998 01:30:38.433 --> 01:30:39.782 without running the race. 1999 01:30:39.912 --> 01:30:41.261 It's a marathon. 2000 01:30:41.392 --> 01:30:44.700 We have to keep taking steps to get to a place 2001 01:30:44.830 --> 01:30:46.789 where we can heal as a country. 2002 01:30:46.919 --> 01:30:49.052 [ music building ] 2003 01:30:49.139 --> 01:30:52.229 I have this phrase that I chant in the streets. 2004 01:30:52.359 --> 01:30:54.579 - It's, like, I... - CROWD: I... 2005 01:30:54.710 --> 01:30:56.538 - I believe... - CROWD: I believe... 2006 01:30:56.668 --> 01:30:59.105 I believe that we will win! 2007 01:30:59.236 --> 01:31:00.672 - CROWD: I believe that we will win! - I believe that we will win! 2008 01:31:00.803 --> 01:31:03.240 In my heart, with my faith 2009 01:31:03.327 --> 01:31:05.503 and what I'm seeing in this country, 2010 01:31:05.634 --> 01:31:06.809 I believe that we will win. 2011 01:31:06.939 --> 01:31:09.681 I believe that we'll find a way to love 2012 01:31:09.768 --> 01:31:11.683 and respect one another. 2013 01:31:11.814 --> 01:31:13.468 As Assata Shakur said, 2014 01:31:13.555 --> 01:31:15.165 "We have nothing to lose but our chains." 2015 01:31:15.295 --> 01:31:18.168 [ pensive music ] 2016 01:31:18.298 --> 01:31:20.387 SMICK: Okay, final question. Warren Buffett, 2017 01:31:20.475 --> 01:31:23.347 who knows something about future valuations, 2018 01:31:23.478 --> 01:31:27.177 he has said, "America's best days lie ahead." 2019 01:31:27.307 --> 01:31:28.395 Do you buy this? 2020 01:31:28.483 --> 01:31:31.050 I am inherently optimistic 2021 01:31:31.181 --> 01:31:33.226 about the strength of this country. 2022 01:31:33.357 --> 01:31:34.967 The problems we're having today, 2023 01:31:35.098 --> 01:31:37.796 they pale in comparison to the problems 2024 01:31:37.883 --> 01:31:41.191 we had in advance of the Civil War. 2025 01:31:41.321 --> 01:31:45.543 We've prevailed over those. We will prevail over these. 2026 01:31:45.674 --> 01:31:46.979 I would love to believe 2027 01:31:47.110 --> 01:31:48.807 that America's best days lie ahead. 2028 01:31:48.938 --> 01:31:51.244 But, of course, I'm a historian. 2029 01:31:51.375 --> 01:31:53.246 I'm alive to the reality 2030 01:31:53.333 --> 01:31:56.249 that most great powers, 2031 01:31:56.380 --> 01:31:58.904 at some point, peak. 2032 01:31:58.991 --> 01:32:02.734 I am optimistic about America's future. 2033 01:32:02.865 --> 01:32:04.301 If you go back through history, 2034 01:32:04.431 --> 01:32:06.433 people thought the Russians would surpass us. 2035 01:32:06.564 --> 01:32:08.827 We got it together, and it didn't happen. 2036 01:32:08.958 --> 01:32:10.350 The President of the United States 2037 01:32:10.481 --> 01:32:13.528 declared a crisis of the national spirit. 2038 01:32:13.658 --> 01:32:15.834 The malaise lifted. 2039 01:32:15.965 --> 01:32:19.403 People felt that the Cold War was over and Japan had won, 2040 01:32:19.534 --> 01:32:21.405 and we had a period 2041 01:32:21.536 --> 01:32:23.450 of remarkable economic prosperity. 2042 01:32:23.538 --> 01:32:25.191 Patrick Henry declared 2043 01:32:25.278 --> 01:32:27.585 that the spirit of the Revolution had been lost. 2044 01:32:27.716 --> 01:32:31.067 That was in 1792, and he was wrong. 2045 01:32:31.197 --> 01:32:35.941 And so it is the great strength of America 2046 01:32:36.072 --> 01:32:40.206 that America can change and shape its future 2047 01:32:40.293 --> 01:32:42.600 that makes it very resilient. 2048 01:32:42.731 --> 01:32:44.994 STAN: We've borrowed so much from the future. 2049 01:32:45.081 --> 01:32:47.344 But one of the things that's made me hopeful, 2050 01:32:47.474 --> 01:32:49.433 I believe we're going through 2051 01:32:49.564 --> 01:32:51.740 one of the great productivity booms 2052 01:32:51.870 --> 01:32:53.306 since the Industrial Revolution, 2053 01:32:53.437 --> 01:32:55.134 driven by the tech sector, 2054 01:32:55.265 --> 01:32:57.572 artificial intelligence, and the cloud. 2055 01:32:57.702 --> 01:32:59.878 A lot of this, of course, goes unmeasured. 2056 01:33:00.052 --> 01:33:01.880 ♪ 2057 01:33:02.011 --> 01:33:03.621 SMICK: Long before the coronavirus hit, 2058 01:33:03.708 --> 01:33:05.144 the world was already experiencing 2059 01:33:05.275 --> 01:33:08.452 an industrial decline, with shrinking global trade. 2060 01:33:08.583 --> 01:33:10.889 Yet America's flexible and innovative economy 2061 01:33:10.976 --> 01:33:12.543 was best positioned to take advantage 2062 01:33:12.630 --> 01:33:14.284 of these global challenges. 2063 01:33:14.414 --> 01:33:16.895 And we still are. 2064 01:33:17.026 --> 01:33:19.985 ALICE: I believe that America's best days 2065 01:33:20.072 --> 01:33:21.421 are ahead of it. 2066 01:33:21.552 --> 01:33:25.948 At least they could be if we come to our senses 2067 01:33:26.078 --> 01:33:30.430 and start managing the problems that beset us, 2068 01:33:30.561 --> 01:33:32.650 rather than denying them. 2069 01:33:32.781 --> 01:33:36.306 DAVID: In the end, it's gonna depend on your kids, my kids-- 2070 01:33:36.436 --> 01:33:37.655 their resilience. 2071 01:33:37.786 --> 01:33:39.309 They're gonna live in this world 2072 01:33:39.439 --> 01:33:41.920 that's going to have problems we never dreamed of. 2073 01:33:42.007 --> 01:33:45.924 The genius of the system is that it is very adaptable. 2074 01:33:46.055 --> 01:33:50.059 America moves to correct its mistakes. 2075 01:33:50.189 --> 01:33:54.585 That gives it a tremendous resilience. 2076 01:33:54.716 --> 01:33:55.978 America's not losing its soul. 2077 01:33:56.108 --> 01:33:59.024 America is always in the long and bumpy, 2078 01:33:59.155 --> 01:34:01.548 choppy process of finding its soul. 2079 01:34:01.636 --> 01:34:05.204 I believe in Warren Buffett. [ laughing ] 2080 01:34:05.335 --> 01:34:08.251 If Warren Buffett says the great days are coming, 2081 01:34:08.381 --> 01:34:10.470 I bet on Warren Buffett! 2082 01:34:10.601 --> 01:34:12.734 [ laughter ] 2083 01:34:12.864 --> 01:34:15.040 KATHERINE: There is, without a doubt, 2084 01:34:15.171 --> 01:34:19.349 a road to best days ahead for the country. 2085 01:34:19.479 --> 01:34:21.786 But let me be clear. We are not on that road. 2086 01:34:21.917 --> 01:34:23.440 And I... 2087 01:34:23.614 --> 01:34:26.312 ♪ 2088 01:34:26.443 --> 01:34:28.575 I don't think 2089 01:34:28.706 --> 01:34:31.535 that we do ourselves justice 2090 01:34:31.666 --> 01:34:35.974 to pretend that that road is just around the corner, 2091 01:34:36.061 --> 01:34:39.717 and that it's somehow part of America's birthright 2092 01:34:39.848 --> 01:34:43.895 or our pre-destiny because it's happened that way before. 2093 01:34:44.026 --> 01:34:46.768 This best days ahead 2094 01:34:46.898 --> 01:34:51.381 is both an opportunity and a responsibility. 2095 01:34:51.511 --> 01:34:54.863 But it's also, most importantly, a choice. 2096 01:34:54.993 --> 01:34:56.125 [ bleep ]! 2097 01:34:56.212 --> 01:34:59.128 ♪ 2098 01:35:03.088 --> 01:35:05.003 LEON: Washington's not gonna change from the top down. 2099 01:35:05.134 --> 01:35:07.745 I wish it could. It's gonna change from the bottom up, 2100 01:35:07.876 --> 01:35:10.052 when we elect new representatives 2101 01:35:10.182 --> 01:35:12.184 who say the most important thing to them 2102 01:35:12.271 --> 01:35:15.100 is not party, it's country. 2103 01:35:15.187 --> 01:35:17.015 [ funky music ] 2104 01:35:17.189 --> 01:35:18.756 ♪ 2105 01:35:18.887 --> 01:35:20.366 LARRY: There'll never be another America. 2106 01:35:20.497 --> 01:35:21.324 We're it! 2107 01:35:21.498 --> 01:35:23.543 ♪ 2108 01:35:23.674 --> 01:35:26.416 It's an experiment in humanity. 2109 01:35:26.546 --> 01:35:28.505 It almost would be impossible to duplicate. 2110 01:35:28.679 --> 01:35:30.246 ♪ 2111 01:35:30.376 --> 01:35:32.422 I wish I could live to be 200 'cause I'm sure 2112 01:35:32.552 --> 01:35:34.206 it's gonna even be better than it is right now. 2113 01:35:34.337 --> 01:35:35.904 Absolutely. 2114 01:35:36.034 --> 01:35:38.733 We've proven as a nation... 2115 01:35:38.820 --> 01:35:40.125 you give us a mountain to climb, 2116 01:35:40.256 --> 01:35:42.475 and we'll show you how to climb it. 2117 01:35:42.562 --> 01:35:45.000 SINGER: ♪ 'Cause we got love ♪ 2118 01:35:45.174 --> 01:35:47.611 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2119 01:35:47.785 --> 01:35:50.005 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2120 01:35:50.179 --> 01:35:53.225 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2121 01:35:53.399 --> 01:35:56.011 ♪ Whatever ♪ 2122 01:35:56.185 --> 01:35:58.230 - ♪ We do ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ What we do ♪ 2123 01:35:58.404 --> 01:36:00.755 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2124 01:36:00.929 --> 01:36:02.974 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2125 01:36:03.148 --> 01:36:04.149 SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ 2126 01:36:04.323 --> 01:36:05.585 CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2127 01:36:05.672 --> 01:36:08.588 ♪ 2128 01:36:14.594 --> 01:36:16.422 SINGER: ♪ When we walk in ♪ 2129 01:36:16.596 --> 01:36:19.599 ♪ Hand in hand ♪ 2130 01:36:19.686 --> 01:36:21.427 ♪ People stop and stare ♪ 2131 01:36:21.514 --> 01:36:23.081 ♪ 2132 01:36:23.255 --> 01:36:25.867 ♪ Lord, they're talking about us ♪ 2133 01:36:26.041 --> 01:36:28.217 ♪ But we don't even care ♪ 2134 01:36:28.391 --> 01:36:30.610 ♪ 'Cause we got love ♪ 2135 01:36:30.785 --> 01:36:33.135 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2136 01:36:33.222 --> 01:36:35.528 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2137 01:36:35.702 --> 01:36:36.921 ♪ Baby, we got love ♪ 2138 01:36:37.095 --> 01:36:38.880 ♪ 2139 01:36:39.054 --> 01:36:43.406 - ♪ Whatever we do ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Whatever we do ♪ 2140 01:36:43.580 --> 01:36:46.104 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2141 01:36:46.278 --> 01:36:48.715 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2142 01:36:48.803 --> 01:36:50.892 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2143 01:36:50.979 --> 01:36:53.372 SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ 2144 01:36:53.546 --> 01:36:55.635 ♪ Oh! ♪ 2145 01:36:55.810 --> 01:36:57.594 ♪ Our thing! ♪ 2146 01:36:57.768 --> 01:37:00.597 ♪ 2147 01:37:00.771 --> 01:37:02.425 ♪ Oh! ♪ 2148 01:37:02.599 --> 01:37:04.427 ♪ Oh! ♪ 2149 01:37:04.601 --> 01:37:07.473 ♪ 2150 01:37:10.563 --> 01:37:13.044 ♪ Oh! ♪ 2151 01:37:13.218 --> 01:37:15.394 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2152 01:37:15.481 --> 01:37:17.875 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2153 01:37:18.049 --> 01:37:20.399 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪ 2154 01:37:20.486 --> 01:37:22.184 - SINGER: ♪ We do it together ♪ - CHORUS: ♪ Do it together ♪